{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402834664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683538","title":"UAV Trajectory and Resource Optimization for NOMA-VLC Systems via HA-DRL Algorithm","display_name":"UAV Trajectory and Resource Optimization for NOMA-VLC Systems via HA-DRL Algorithm","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402834664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 99th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441194","display_name":"Liang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-408X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011998939","display_name":"W. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weishen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071523259","display_name":"Yuxuan Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-0227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086721166","display_name":"Xinke Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5653-6096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinke Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108047157","display_name":"Yuhan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5275-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University,Shenzhen,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100441194"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2307,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53297429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9675999879837036,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9161999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6990522146224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6478980779647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.5974019169807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory-optimization","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","score":0.536189079284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-algorithm","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","score":0.4426411986351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.418388694524765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33058011531829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14238190650939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1171528697013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.07044586539268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.05916735529899597}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6990522146224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6478980779647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.5974019169807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.536189079284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987595161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Optimization algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4426411986351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.418388694524765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33058011531829834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14238190650939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1171528697013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.07044586539268494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.05916735529899597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683538","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-spring62846.2024.10683538","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 99th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2958820735","https://openalex.org/W2995529974","https://openalex.org/W3013973746","https://openalex.org/W3017452564","https://openalex.org/W3101281396","https://openalex.org/W3116723962","https://openalex.org/W3139502571","https://openalex.org/W3206387549","https://openalex.org/W4285198533","https://openalex.org/W4290994046","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4376480649","https://openalex.org/W6762592680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385832323","https://openalex.org/W4244391535","https://openalex.org/W2356996864","https://openalex.org/W2904060783","https://openalex.org/W2015393961","https://openalex.org/W2378339670","https://openalex.org/W2359353485","https://openalex.org/W2139910871","https://openalex.org/W2361427670","https://openalex.org/W2119925415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,58],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,28,89],"apply":[4],"non-orthogonal":[5],"multiple":[6,24],"access":[7],"(NOMA)":[8],"to":[9,19,45,56,78,81,98],"unmanned":[10],"aerial":[11],"vehicle":[12],"(UAV)-assisted":[13],"visible":[14],"light":[15],"communication":[16],"(VLC)":[17],"systems,":[18,144],"accommodate":[20],"the":[21,31,36,41,47,82,100,103,111,125,131,136],"demand":[22],"of":[23,34,38,43,50,84,105,116],"ground":[25],"users.":[26,51],"Specifically,":[27],"jointly":[29],"optimize":[30],"trajectory":[32],"planning":[33],"UAV,":[35],"grouping":[37,104,138],"users,":[39],"and":[40,60,110,113,145,150],"allocation":[42,115],"power,":[44],"maximize":[46],"total":[48],"rate":[49],"However,":[52],"it":[53,68],"is":[54,69],"hard":[55],"solve":[57,99],"non-convexity":[59],"NP-hard":[61],"problem":[62],"by":[63,134],"traditional":[64,154],"optimization":[65],"algorithms.":[66,158],"Moreover,":[67],"also":[70],"difficult":[71],"for":[72],"deep":[73],"reinforcement":[74],"learning":[75],"(DRL)":[76],"algorithm":[77,97,127],"train":[79],"due":[80],"limitation":[83],"single-type":[85,155],"action":[86,93,156],"space.":[87],"Therefore,":[88],"adopt":[90],"a":[91],"hybrid":[92],"space":[94],"DRL":[95,157],"(HA-DRL)":[96],"problem,":[101],"designing":[102],"users":[106],"as":[107,118],"discrete":[108],"action,":[109],"displacement":[112],"power":[114],"UAV":[117],"continuous":[119],"action.":[120],"Numerical":[121],"results":[122],"show":[123],"that":[124],"proposed":[126],"can":[128,146],"significantly":[129],"improve":[130],"system":[132],"performance":[133,152],"exploiting":[135],"user":[137],"operation":[139],"in":[140],"these":[141],"UAV-assisted":[142],"NOMA-VLC":[143],"achieve":[147],"faster":[148],"convergence":[149],"better":[151],"than":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}