{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406267335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-fall63153.2024.10757762","title":"Large-scale Outdoor Cell-free mMIMO Channel Measurement in an Urban Scenario at 3.5 GHz","display_name":"Large-scale Outdoor Cell-free mMIMO Channel Measurement in an Urban Scenario at 3.5 GHz","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406267335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-fall63153.2024.10757762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2024-fall63153.2024.10757762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-fall63153.2024.10757762","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687525","display_name":"Yuning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1595-5067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023976688","display_name":"Thomas Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5900-9526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100781276","display_name":"Zihang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-2754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077572545","display_name":"Issei Kanno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Issei Kanno","raw_affiliation_strings":["KDDI Research, Inc.,Saitama,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDDI Research, Inc.,Saitama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026711663","display_name":"Masaaki Ito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7832-4406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaaki Ito","raw_affiliation_strings":["KDDI Research, Inc.,Saitama,Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KDDI Research, Inc.,Saitama,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085709877","display_name":"Jorge Gomez\u2010Ponce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-4524"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Gomez-Ponce","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017395351","display_name":"Hussein Hammoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8400-4249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussein Hammoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063995995","display_name":"Bowei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6536-8020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102681543","display_name":"Ashwani Pradhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwani Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041418404","display_name":"Kelvin Arana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7158-1135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelvin Arana","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103931705","display_name":"P. V. Krishna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramod Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077077112","display_name":"Tianyi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7560-7152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015158780","display_name":"Tyler Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1187-1026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099008032","display_name":"Ishita Vasishtha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishita Vasishtha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101730796","display_name":"Haoyu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9967-0626"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoyu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101371683","display_name":"Linyu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linyu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071725365","display_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-4763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":17,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62586752,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5972280502319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5517081618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5091330409049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3269617557525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20057529211044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09734925627708435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5972280502319336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5517081618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5091330409049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3269617557525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20057529211044312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09734925627708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2024-fall63153.2024.10757762","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2024-fall63153.2024.10757762","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"design":[1],"of":[2,94,102],"cell-free":[3],"massive":[4],"MIMO":[5],"(CF-mMIMO)":[6],"systems":[7],"requires":[8],"accurate,":[9],"measurement-based":[10],"channel":[11],"models.":[12],"This":[13,78],"paper":[14,79],"provides":[15],"the":[16,20,68,76,81,92,95,103,110],"first":[17],"results":[18],"from":[19],"by":[21],"far":[22],"most":[23],"extensive":[24],"outdoor":[25],"measurement":[26,84],"campaign":[27],"for":[28],"CF-mMIMO":[29],"channels":[30],"in":[31],"an":[32],"urban":[33],"environment.":[34,112],"We":[35],"measured":[36],"impulse":[37],"responses":[38],"between":[39],"over":[40],"20,":[41],"000":[42],"potential":[43],"access":[44],"point":[45],"(AP)":[46],"locations":[47],"and":[48,70,88,106],"80":[49],"user":[50],"equipments":[51],"(sUEs)":[52],"at":[53,67,75],"3.5":[54],"GHz":[55],"with":[56],"350":[57],"MHz":[58],"bandwidth":[59],"(BW).":[60],"Measurements":[61],"use":[62],"a":[63,71,100],"\u201cvirtual":[64],"array\u201d":[65],"approach":[66,74],"AP":[69,104],"hybrid":[72],"switched/virtual":[73],"UE.":[77],"describes":[80],"sounder":[82],"design,":[83],"environment,":[85],"data":[86],"processing,":[87],"sample":[89],"results,":[90],"particularly":[91],"evolution":[93],"power-delay":[96],"profiles":[97],"(sPDPs)":[98],"as":[99],"function":[101],"locations,":[105],"its":[107],"relation":[108],"to":[109],"propagation":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}