{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385801017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10201225","title":"Enhancing Image-based Positioning With a Novel Foot Position Extraction Algorithm and Machine Learning","display_name":"Enhancing Image-based Positioning With a Novel Foot Position Extraction Algorithm and Machine Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385801017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10201225"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10201225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10201225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068613591","display_name":"Han-Hsuan Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Hsuan Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010787491","display_name":"Jinxian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9236-9256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin-Xian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059627549","display_name":"Jenq\u2010Shiou Leu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenq-Shiou Leu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology,Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering,Taipei,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.80107581615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.763953447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.7060645818710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6639292240142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","score":0.48414263129234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.47379061579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.4618901312351227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4255889058113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.422453910112381}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.80107581615448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.763953447341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.7060645818710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6639292240142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.48414263129234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.47379061579704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.4618901312351227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4255889058113098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.422453910112381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10201225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10201225","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322108","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2082509180","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2272979821","https://openalex.org/W2511934720","https://openalex.org/W2962730651","https://openalex.org/W2991479034","https://openalex.org/W3018757597","https://openalex.org/W3108914020","https://openalex.org/W6756633688","https://openalex.org/W6777046832"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593608146","https://openalex.org/W2118728139","https://openalex.org/W3082611418","https://openalex.org/W2982970440","https://openalex.org/W2565579042","https://openalex.org/W2121966738","https://openalex.org/W2516207191","https://openalex.org/W4285650868","https://openalex.org/W3107067067","https://openalex.org/W4238796277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,39,52,55,64,72,75,80,86,89],"rapid":[4],"advancement":[5],"of":[6,54,74,88,143],"deep":[7],"learning":[8,34,113],"has":[9],"enabled":[10],"researchers":[11],"to":[12,45,70,119],"locate":[13],"individuals":[14],"indoors":[15],"using":[16,150],"image":[17,31],"recognition":[18],"techniques.":[19,35],"As":[20],"a":[21,102,151],"result,":[22],"we":[23,62,100,109],"propose":[24,101],"an":[25,59,139],"indoor":[26,81,93,136],"positioning":[27,137],"method":[28,132],"that":[29],"combines":[30],"and":[32,50,127],"machine":[33,112],"This":[36],"study":[37],"utilizes":[38],"robust":[40],"OpenPose":[41],"pose":[42],"estimation":[43],"model":[44],"accurately":[46],"identify":[47],"human":[48],"joints":[49],"extract":[51],"position":[53,78,87,105],"individual's":[56,76],"foot":[57,77,90,104],"from":[58],"image.":[60],"Then,":[61],"apply":[63],"2D":[65],"direct":[66],"linear":[67,117],"transformation":[68],"approach":[69],"determine":[71,85],"coordinates":[73],"in":[79,91],"environment.":[82],"To":[83],"reliably":[84],"complex":[92],"spaces":[94],"where":[95],"potential":[96],"obstructions":[97],"often":[98],"occur,":[99],"novel":[103],"extraction":[106],"algorithm.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"employ":[110],"classical":[111],"models,":[114],"such":[115],"as":[116],"regression,":[118],"reduce":[120],"distance":[121,141],"errors":[122],"caused":[123],"by":[124,149],"lens":[125],"distortion":[126],"other":[128],"factors.":[129],"Our":[130],"proposed":[131],"achieves":[133],"highly":[134],"accurate":[135],"with":[138],"average":[140],"error":[142],"only":[144],"approximately":[145],"0.4":[146],"meters,":[147],"just":[148],"single":[152],"camera.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}