{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385801712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10200991","title":"CNN-enabled Joint Active and Passive Beamforming for RIS-assisted MU-MIMO Systems","display_name":"CNN-enabled Joint Active and Passive Beamforming for RIS-assisted MU-MIMO Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385801712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10200991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10200991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10200991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100532133","display_name":"Zhizhou He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1036-8816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhizhou He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey,5G & 6G Innovation Centres,Guildford,UK,GU2 7HX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey,5G & 6G Innovation Centres,Guildford,UK,GU2 7HX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074677171","display_name":"Fabien H\u00e9liot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3583-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabien H\u00e9liot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey,5G & 6G Innovation Centres,Guildford,UK,GU2 7HX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey,5G & 6G Innovation Centres,Guildford,UK,GU2 7HX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063447722","display_name":"Yi Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-4309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey,5G & 6G Innovation Centres,Guildford,UK,GU2 7HX"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communication Systems, University of Surrey,5G & 6G Innovation Centres,Guildford,UK,GU2 7HX","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100532133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59971551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.9103303551673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7813542485237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6697635650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5818408131599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5672945976257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5271698236465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5073334574699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.42707234621047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.41743242740631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.41224637627601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36014240980148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33548587560653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21735325455665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20193400979042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13748854398727417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.9103303551673889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7813542485237122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6697635650634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5818408131599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5672945976257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5271698236465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5073334574699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.42707234621047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.41743242740631104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.41224637627601624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36014240980148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33548587560653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21735325455665588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20193400979042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13748854398727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10200991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10200991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2140578794","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2963466796","https://openalex.org/W3035049807","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3039402952","https://openalex.org/W3134059753","https://openalex.org/W3212590122","https://openalex.org/W4288574671","https://openalex.org/W4293094771","https://openalex.org/W6759127422"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2138054539","https://openalex.org/W2070557761","https://openalex.org/W4360994276","https://openalex.org/W2126593588","https://openalex.org/W2015626365","https://openalex.org/W2006912056","https://openalex.org/W2968452826","https://openalex.org/W3047078259","https://openalex.org/W2292759272","https://openalex.org/W4285192270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"reflective":[1],"elements":[2],"on":[3,73,115,138,199],"a":[4,104,116,127,172],"reconfigurable":[5],"intelligent":[6],"surface":[7],"(RIS)":[8],"can":[9,206,215],"be":[10,42],"tuned":[11],"to":[12,41,47,90,159,176],"improve":[13],"the":[14,20,62,69,74,92,139],"propagation":[15],"environment":[16],"and,":[17],"in":[18,28,155,166],"turn,":[19],"system":[21],"performance.":[22,58],"However,":[23],"RIS":[24,46,99,111],"also":[25,170],"brings":[26],"challenges":[27],"terms":[29],"of":[30,64,71,144],"joint":[31,96,106],"active":[32,107],"and":[33,52,98,109,130,162,192],"passive":[34,110],"beamforming":[35,39,50,65,100,112],"optimization.":[36],"First,":[37],"transmit":[38],"has":[40],"jointly":[43],"designed":[44,136],"with":[45,68,133,221],"fully":[48],"reap":[49],"gain":[51],"signal-to-interference":[53],"plus":[54],"noise":[55],"ratio":[56],"(SINR)":[57],"Also,":[59],"given":[60],"that":[61,203],"number":[63,70],"options":[66],"grows":[67],"antennas/elements":[72],"base":[75],"station(BS)/RIS,":[76],"it":[77],"makes":[78],"exhaustive":[79,150],"search":[80,93,151],"unpractical":[81],"for":[82,95],"multi-user":[83],"(MU)":[84],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[85],"(MIMO)":[86],"systems.":[87],"In":[88],"order":[89],"reduce":[91],"overhead":[94],"BS":[97,108],"optimization,":[101],"we":[102,125],"propose":[103],"novel":[105],"scheme":[113],"based":[114,137,198],"bespoke":[117],"convolutional":[118],"neural":[119,188],"network":[120,189],"(CNN)":[121],"architecture.":[122],"More":[123],"specifically,":[124],"develop":[126],"fast":[128,184],"converge":[129],"lightweight":[131],"CNN":[132],"loss":[134],"function":[135,142],"probability":[140],"density":[141],"(PDF)":[143],"beams.":[145],"By":[146],"using":[147],"this":[148],"CNN,":[149],"is":[152],"only":[153],"needed":[154,165],"data":[156],"collection":[157],"part":[158],"derive":[160],"labels":[161],"no":[163],"longer":[164],"prediction":[167,194,225],"part.":[168],"We":[169],"adopt":[171],"realistic":[173],"blockage":[174],"scenario":[175],"simulate":[177],"non-stationary":[178],"channels.":[179],"Our":[180],"proposed":[181],"solution":[182],"exhibits":[183],"convergence":[185,219],"speed,":[186],"low":[187],"(NN)":[190],"complexity":[191],"high":[193],"accuracy.":[195,226],"Simulation":[196],"results,":[197],"benchmark":[200],"dataset,":[201],"show":[202],"our":[204],"approach":[205],"significantly":[207],"outperform":[208],"comparable":[209],"existing":[210],"machine":[211],"learning":[212],"algorithms.":[213],"It":[214],"achieve":[216],"70%":[217],"shorter":[218],"time":[220],"around":[222],"91%":[223],"beam":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}