{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385804918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10199410","title":"Secure Vehicle Software Updates: Requirements for a Reference Architecture","display_name":"Secure Vehicle Software Updates: Requirements for a Reference Architecture","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385804918","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10199410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10199410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10199410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/537460/file/537460_Fulltext.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054168383","display_name":"Kim Strandberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kim Strandberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Car Corporation,Sweden","Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden","Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092636008","display_name":"Ulf Arnljung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ulf Arnljung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Car Corporation,Sweden","Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Car Corporation, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085143573","display_name":"Tomas Olovsson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","display_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/040wg7k59","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Olovsson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chalmers University of Technology,Sweden","Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology,Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005701792","display_name":"Dennis Kengo Oka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2714-0882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335490905","display_name":"Synopsys (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb54f81","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905","https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088951","display_name":"Synopsys (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013by2m91","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis Kengo Oka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Synopsys,Japan","Synopsys, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335490905","https://openalex.org/I4210088951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Synopsys, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054168383"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628","https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1332,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43513798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9592999815940857,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6395544409751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5978578329086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5399932265281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.49601230025291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-security-assurance","display_name":"Software security assurance","score":0.46220824122428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4576382637023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avionics-software","display_name":"Avionics software","score":0.4507661759853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4399491846561432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.3998512327671051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21187558770179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-security","display_name":"Information security","score":0.1006474494934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-service","display_name":"Security service","score":0.09551414847373962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6395544409751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5978578329086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5399932265281677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.49601230025291443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.46220824122428894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4576382637023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109905503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4828920","display_name":"Avionics software","level":5,"score":0.4507661759853363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4399491846561432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.3998512327671051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21187558770179749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.1006474494934082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29983905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445066","display_name":"Security service","level":3,"score":0.09551414847373962}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10199410","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2023-spring57618.2023.10199410","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE 97th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2023-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:537460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/b04196b4-2732-4409-bfbd-b05a771d2dad","pdf_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/537460/file/537460_Fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:537068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/537068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research.chalmers.se:537460","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/en/publication/b04196b4-2732-4409-bfbd-b05a771d2dad","pdf_url":"https://research.chalmers.se/publication/537460/file/537460_Fulltext.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402469","display_name":"Chalmers Research (Chalmers University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66862912","host_organization_name":"Chalmers University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66862912"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385804918.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385804918.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572945509","https://openalex.org/W2114016378","https://openalex.org/W2117962540","https://openalex.org/W2135689574","https://openalex.org/W3170556206","https://openalex.org/W3208167333","https://openalex.org/W6803614918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2171762445","https://openalex.org/W2064336064","https://openalex.org/W2185084576","https://openalex.org/W2380017313","https://openalex.org/W4214835859","https://openalex.org/W2166356874","https://openalex.org/W2371269538","https://openalex.org/W2363993616","https://openalex.org/W2365285506","https://openalex.org/W2396490822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"modern":[1,80,126],"vehicle":[2,81,142,150,190,198],"is":[3,39,121],"no":[4],"longer":[5],"merely":[6],"a":[7,13,79,87,94,122,184,202,218,230],"transportation":[8],"vessel.":[9],"It":[10],"has":[11,117],"become":[12,118],"complex":[14],"cyber-physical":[15,247],"system":[16],"containing":[17],"over":[18],"100M":[19],"lines":[20,46,63],"of":[21,37,47,64],"software":[22,102,106,143,151,191,199,237],"code":[23,38,48,54],"controlling":[24],"various":[25],"functionalities":[26],"such":[27,245],"as":[28,229,246],"safety-critical":[29,95],"steering,":[30],"brake,":[31],"and":[32,82,113,120,133,161,174,186,205,213,242,250],"engine":[33],"control.":[34],"The":[35,109,128,215],"amount":[36],"anticipated":[40],"to":[41,43,111,140,170,176,189,210,233],"rise":[42],"around":[44,75,83],"300M":[45],"by":[49],"2030.":[50],"Furthermore,":[51],"even":[52],"well-tested":[53],"will":[55,73],"contain":[56],"more":[57,105],"than":[58],"one":[59],"bug":[60],"per":[61],"1000":[62],"code.":[65],"Thus,":[66],"it":[67],"can":[68,226],"be":[69,74,227],"expected":[70],"that":[71,225],"there":[72],"100k":[76],"bugs":[77,85],"in":[78,86],"300k":[84],"few":[88],"years,":[89],"where":[90],"some":[91],"might":[92],"have":[93],"impact.":[96],"Automotive":[97],"companies":[98,103],"are":[99],"transforming":[100],"into":[101],"with":[104,221],"developed":[107],"in-house.":[108],"ability":[110,139],"hastily":[112],"securely":[114],"patch":[115],"vulnerabilities":[116],"vital":[119],"prerequisite":[123],"when":[124],"securing":[125,148,235],"cars.":[127],"UN":[129],"Regulation":[130],"No.":[131],"156":[132],"the":[134,138,149,207],"ISO":[135],"24089":[136],"emphasize":[137],"update":[141,152,238],"securely.Consequently,":[144],"we":[145,181],"focus":[146],"on":[147],"process.":[153],"Our":[154],"contributions":[155],"include":[156],"defining":[157],"an":[158],"attacker":[159],"model":[160],"general":[162],"security":[163,172,211],"requirements.":[164,214],"We":[165,193],"further":[166],"map":[167,206],"these":[168],"requirements":[169],"common":[171],"goals":[173,212],"directives":[175],"ensure":[177],"broad":[178],"coverage.":[179],"Additionally,":[180],"present":[182],"UniSUF,":[183],"secure":[185,219],"versatile":[187],"approach":[188],"updates.":[192],"identify":[194],"entities":[195],"involved":[196],"during":[197],"updates,":[200],"perform":[201],"threat":[203],"assessment,":[204],"identified":[208],"threats":[209],"results":[216],"highlight":[217],"framework":[220],"high":[222],"industrial":[223],"relevance":[224],"used":[228],"reference":[231],"architecture":[232],"guide":[234],"similar":[236],"systems":[239],"within":[240],"automotive":[241],"related":[243],"areas":[244],"systems,":[248],"internet-of-things,":[249],"smart":[251],"cities.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
