{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293094887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860792","title":"NB-IoT Performance Analysis and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environment","display_name":"NB-IoT Performance Analysis and Evaluation in Indoor Industrial Environment","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293094887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607744","display_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/47854.html>,","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000616593","display_name":"Muhammad Dangana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-7941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Dangana","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001835000","display_name":"Shuja Ansari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2071-0264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuja Ansari","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025757700","display_name":"Sajjad Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-9728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331811","display_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4743-9136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Glasgow,James Watt School of Engineering,Glasgow,Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000616593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6112,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82505322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.7831994295120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7207248210906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6949182748794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6226204633712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6127347350120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.471887469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.44761568307876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.41503292322158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.4139777421951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37529119849205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36898553371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21547406911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17339327931404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.12830612063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.10038775205612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08310014009475708}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.7831994295120239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.7207248210906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6949182748794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6226204633712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6127347350120544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.471887469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.44761568307876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41503292322158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.4139777421951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37529119849205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36898553371429443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21547406911849976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17339327931404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.12830612063407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.10038775205612183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08310014009475708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860792","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860792","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607744","display_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:270911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/47854.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:270911","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/view/author/47854.html>,","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6499999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335413","display_name":"Petroleum Technology Development Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39574705","https://openalex.org/W2001044108","https://openalex.org/W2063905527","https://openalex.org/W2086727357","https://openalex.org/W2114491306","https://openalex.org/W2135032037","https://openalex.org/W2156309729","https://openalex.org/W2163807729","https://openalex.org/W2497136075","https://openalex.org/W2613005261","https://openalex.org/W2617651065","https://openalex.org/W2756635727","https://openalex.org/W2896582619","https://openalex.org/W2899964672","https://openalex.org/W2960357446","https://openalex.org/W3002966321","https://openalex.org/W3039955005","https://openalex.org/W3160429326","https://openalex.org/W3188933023","https://openalex.org/W6677119134"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2027568561","https://openalex.org/W1865172210","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W1503152075","https://openalex.org/W2030191005","https://openalex.org/W2790025453","https://openalex.org/W1521521035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Narrow":[0],"Band":[1],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,8,11,17,31,42,45,52,66,99],"Things":[4],"(NB-IoT)":[5],"is":[6,29,109],"one":[7],"the":[9,15,32,43,49,67,93,96,113,116],"drivers":[10],"industry":[12,60],"4.0":[13],"and":[14,48,70,88],"study":[16],"its":[18,71],"wireless":[19,37,74,97],"behavior":[20],"in":[21,124,128],"Indoor":[22],"industrial":[23,53],"environments":[24],"has":[25],"become":[26],"important.":[27],"This":[28],"because":[30],"unfavorable":[33],"conditions":[34],"poised":[35],"to":[36,63,102,111],"propagation":[38,84],"as":[39],"a":[40,106,125],"result":[41],"presence":[44],"heavy-duty":[46],"equipment":[47],"physical":[50],"structure":[51],"buildings.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56,104],"paper,":[57],"an":[58],"indoor":[59],"was":[61],"modeled":[62],"present":[64],"some":[65],"reflective":[68],"characteristics":[69],"effects":[72],"on":[73],"propagation,":[75],"particularly":[76],"large-scale":[77],"fading.":[78],"The":[79,120],"results":[80],"obtained":[81],"which":[82],"include":[83],"paths,":[85],"path":[86,129],"loss,":[87],"impulse":[89],"response":[90],"showed":[91],"how":[92],"environment":[94],"affected":[95,117],"transmission":[98,114],"NB-IoT.":[100],"However,":[101],"mitigate":[103],"challenge,":[105],"collaborative":[107],"scheme":[108,122],"introduced":[110],"improve":[112],"among":[115],"NB-IoT":[118],"terminals.":[119],"proposed":[121],"resulted":[123],"collective":[126],"improvement":[127],"loss":[130],"value":[131],"by":[132],"30.44%.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}