{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293057737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860748","title":"Efficient and secure pedestrian detection in intelligent vehicles based on federated learning","display_name":"Efficient and secure pedestrian detection in intelligent vehicles based on federated learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293057737","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607744","display_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325268","display_name":"Guan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6158-9881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006087894","display_name":"Xiaolan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-5795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62800249","display_name":"Xingtai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05c1r5z64","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62800249"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048","School of Foreign Languages, Xingtai University, Xingtai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Foreign Languages, Xingtai University, Xingtai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62800249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043932099","display_name":"Lixin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-0351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lixin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681338","display_name":"Wenlong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7993-6386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96852419","display_name":"Capital Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/005edt527","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenlong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Capital Normal University,College of Information Engineering,Beijing,China,100048","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100325268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96852419"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7271,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71116139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8700861930847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7724270820617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6528018712997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.6159129738807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.6110028028488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6071341633796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.49250850081443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.44550031423568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4435851275920868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.42696988582611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4135555624961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4112212359905243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3291473984718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07898101210594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07716640830039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07552924752235413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8700861930847168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7724270820617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6528018712997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.6159129738807678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.6110028028488159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6071341633796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49250850081443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.44550031423568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4435851275920868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.42696988582611084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4135555624961853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4112212359905243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3291473984718323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07898101210594177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07716640830039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07552924752235413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860748","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860748","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607744","display_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2530417694","https://openalex.org/W2565516711","https://openalex.org/W2767079719","https://openalex.org/W2892428764","https://openalex.org/W2968825761","https://openalex.org/W2998628425","https://openalex.org/W3008477738","https://openalex.org/W3014913673","https://openalex.org/W3088731039","https://openalex.org/W3129277622","https://openalex.org/W4285722492","https://openalex.org/W6775826406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W1976827262","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2956355137"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"various":[1],"applications":[2],"are":[3],"designed":[4],"for":[5,9],"intelligent":[6],"vehicles,":[7,123],"especially":[8],"self-driving":[10],"vehicles.":[11],"The":[12],"cloud":[13],"server":[14,106,121],"usually":[15],"gathers":[16],"data":[17,29,97],"from":[18,120],"multiple":[19],"vehicles":[20,37],"in":[21,50],"order":[22],"to":[23,33,45,98,122,140],"obtain":[24],"accurate":[25],"model,":[26],"but":[27],"the":[28,36,77,90,95,99,105,108,114,141],"transmission":[30],"is":[31,53,118],"vulnerable":[32],"attack":[34],"and":[35,64,127],"face":[38],"a":[39,87],"risk":[40],"of":[41],"privacy":[42,146],"leakage.":[43],"How":[44],"achieve":[46],"secure":[47,65],"multi-party":[48],"computation":[49],"vehicular":[51],"scenarios":[52],"an":[54,62],"important":[55],"issue.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"paper,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"efficient":[63],"pedestrian":[66,137],"detection":[67,138],"scheme":[68],"based":[69],"on":[70],"federated":[71,109],"learning,":[72],"named":[73],"PFL.":[74],"After":[75,113],"training":[76],"deep":[78],"neural":[79],"network":[80],"with":[81],"local":[82,129],"images,":[83],"each":[84,124],"vehicle,":[85],"as":[86],"party,":[88],"transmits":[89],"encrypted":[91],"gradients":[92],"rather":[93],"than":[94],"original":[96],"server.":[100],"Homomorphic":[101],"encryption":[102],"guarantees":[103],"that":[104,133],"conducts":[107],"averaging":[110],"without":[111],"decryption.":[112],"updated":[115],"global":[116],"model":[117],"distributed":[119],"vehicle":[125],"decrypts":[126],"updates":[128],"model.":[130],"Experiments":[131],"show":[132],"PFL":[134],"achieves":[135],"similar":[136],"accuracy":[139],"centralized":[142],"method,":[143],"while":[144],"providing":[145],"protection.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}