{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293057648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860582","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Load Balancing Routing for LEO Satellite Network","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Load Balancing Routing for LEO Satellite Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293057648","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607744","display_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057706928","display_name":"Peiliang Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-1627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiliang Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337572","display_name":"Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-3159"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["BESTI,Department of Cyberspace Security,Beijing,China","Department of Cyberspace Security, BESTI, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BESTI,Department of Cyberspace Security,Beijing,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyberspace Security, BESTI, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030868890","display_name":"Zhanzhen Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-945X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanzhen Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030009997","display_name":"Zhaobin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-7074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaobin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002981967","display_name":"Hong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0947-5913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100699270","display_name":"Hua Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2035-3834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202334528","display_name":"Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdzh226","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hua Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China","College of Communication Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI),Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, Beijing Institute of Electronic Science and Technology (BESTI), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202334528"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98846676,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.779944896697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7047454714775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.7022011280059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5919724702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-routing","display_name":"Multipath routing","score":0.4960683286190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.49510636925697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.48146334290504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission-delay","display_name":"Transmission delay","score":0.4687376618385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-routing","display_name":"Static routing","score":0.4466243386268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.43979528546333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.434015691280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.419288694858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3702549934387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.29056650400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13850721716880798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.779944896697998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7047454714775085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.7022011280059814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5919724702835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76522221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5035396","display_name":"Multipath routing","level":5,"score":0.4960683286190033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.49510636925697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.48146334290504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108921912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834639","display_name":"Transmission delay","level":3,"score":0.4687376618385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204948658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119410","display_name":"Static routing","level":4,"score":0.4466243386268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.43979528546333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.434015691280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.419288694858551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3702549934387207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.29056650400161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13850721716880798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860582","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-spring54318.2022.9860582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607744","display_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 95th Vehicular Technology Conference: (VTC2022-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W2019845877","https://openalex.org/W2059958288","https://openalex.org/W2098324992","https://openalex.org/W2109495845","https://openalex.org/W2521915382","https://openalex.org/W2523223960","https://openalex.org/W2807954440","https://openalex.org/W2922273628","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3128113669","https://openalex.org/W3128807435","https://openalex.org/W4200620119"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569281138","https://openalex.org/W757657516","https://openalex.org/W2539097916","https://openalex.org/W4377970799","https://openalex.org/W2944616377","https://openalex.org/W2918996422","https://openalex.org/W3127002380","https://openalex.org/W2889464401","https://openalex.org/W2251995179","https://openalex.org/W2556128816"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LEO":[0],"satellite":[1,92],"network":[2,12],"(LEO-SN)":[3],"constitutes":[4],"an":[5,61],"indispensable":[6],"part":[7],"of":[8,17,33,40,54,89,124],"the":[9,15,38,41,50,55,73,79,99,119,126],"space-air-ground":[10],"integrated":[11],"(SAGIN).":[13],"However,":[14],"characteristics":[16],"unbalanced":[18],"traffic":[19],"load,":[20],"intricate":[21],"orbits,":[22],"high":[23],"mobility,":[24],"frequent":[25],"link":[26],"handovers,":[27],"diverse":[28],"storage":[29,82],"and":[30,52,86,95,111,114,130],"communication":[31,84],"capabilities":[32],"nodes":[34],"gradually":[35],"lead":[36],"to":[37,48],"ineffectiveness":[39],"central":[42],"routing":[43,66,103],"planning":[44,56],"methods.":[45],"In":[46],"order":[47],"enhance":[49],"flexibility":[51],"agility":[53],"process,":[57],"this":[58],"paper":[59],"presents":[60],"intelligent":[62],"decentralized":[63],"load":[64,101],"balancing":[65,102],"algorithm":[67,104],"using":[68],"deep":[69],"reinforcement":[70],"learning":[71],"for":[72,108],"LEO-SN,":[74],"which":[75],"takes":[76],"into":[77],"consideration":[78],"queuing":[80],"delay,":[81],"space,":[83],"bandwidth":[85],"propagation":[87],"delay":[88],"merely":[90],"one-hop":[91],"node.":[93],"Simulation":[94],"analysis":[96],"demonstrate":[97],"that":[98],"proposed":[100],"could":[105],"converge":[106],"quickly":[107],"both":[109,125],"training":[110],"test":[112],"sets,":[113],"possesses":[115],"better":[116],"performance":[117],"than":[118],"comparison":[120],"methods":[121],"in":[122],"terms":[123],"packet":[127],"loss":[128],"rate":[129],"transmission":[131],"latency.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}