{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317418804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10013042","title":"Rate-Overhead Tradeoff in Beam Training for RRS-Assisted Multi-User Communications","display_name":"Rate-Overhead Tradeoff in Beam Training for RRS-Assisted Multi-User Communications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317418804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10013042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10013042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10013042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055007550","display_name":"Shupei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6795-4275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shupei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,School of Electronics Engineering and Computing Science,Beijing,China","School of Electronics Engineering and Computing Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,School of Electronics Engineering and Computing Science,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering and Computing Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766529","display_name":"Yutong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8912-7942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yutong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025572015","display_name":"Boya Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boya Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Beijing,China","State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440579","display_name":"Hongliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3393-8612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20089843","display_name":"Princeton University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hx57361","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princeton University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,NJ,USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, NJ, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princeton University,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,NJ,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20089843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055007550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63798038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codebook","display_name":"Codebook","score":0.9502811431884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7662153840065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7146774530410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6629590392112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.642802357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5141528248786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.47594690322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4194349944591522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35431942343711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35342320799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3249025344848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19444099068641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18285420536994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.16476422548294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12808918952941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.11412656307220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127759330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637416","display_name":"Codebook","level":2,"score":0.9502811431884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7662153840065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7146774530410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6629590392112732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.642802357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5141528248786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.47594690322875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4194349944591522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35431942343711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35342320799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3249025344848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19444099068641663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18285420536994934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16476422548294067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12808918952941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.11412656307220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10013042","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10013042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324787","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2080761305","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2378718483","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W2997786076","https://openalex.org/W3034533409","https://openalex.org/W3034737405","https://openalex.org/W3045835314","https://openalex.org/W3098202784","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3134021994","https://openalex.org/W3199802483","https://openalex.org/W4284893296","https://openalex.org/W4285192270"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207918248","https://openalex.org/W2130785056","https://openalex.org/W2506626932","https://openalex.org/W2037755532","https://openalex.org/W2620095399","https://openalex.org/W1488668773","https://openalex.org/W2006021297","https://openalex.org/W4288602396","https://openalex.org/W2914555611","https://openalex.org/W4285192270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Holographic":[0],"multiple-input":[1],"multiple-output":[2],"(HMIMO)":[3],"with":[4,41,54],"a":[5,10,25,51,93,110],"spatially":[6],"continuous":[7],"aperture":[8],"is":[9,64,75,107,161],"promising":[11],"solution":[12],"for":[13],"future":[14],"radio":[15],"access":[16],"to":[17,92,118],"handle":[18],"the":[19,30,61,67,70,97,101,104,123,128,132,139,144,147,151,154,176,186],"explosively":[20],"increasing":[21],"data":[22,112,133],"demands.":[23],"As":[24],"key":[26],"enabler":[27],"of":[28,103,122,150,178],"HMIMO,":[29],"reconfigurable":[31],"refractive":[32],"surface":[33],"(RRS)":[34],"can":[35],"serve":[36],"as":[37],"an":[38,55,119],"antenna":[39],"array":[40],"numerous":[42],"programmable":[43],"radiation":[44],"elements.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49,137],"consider":[50],"multi-user":[52],"system":[53,140],"RRS-aided":[56],"base":[57],"station":[58],"(BS)":[59],"where":[60],"transmit":[62],"signal":[63],"refracted":[65,105],"by":[66],"RRS":[68,152,183],"towards":[69],"users.":[71],"A":[72,83],"beamforming":[73],"scheme":[74],"developed":[76],"via":[77],"codebook":[78,85,98,148,159,180],"design":[79],"and":[80,135,142,153,174,182],"beam":[81,106],"training.":[82],"larger":[84],"size":[86,99,149,160,181,184],"implies":[87],"more":[88],"codewords,":[89],"each":[90],"corresponding":[91],"directional":[94],"beam.":[95],"When":[96],"increases,":[100],"directivity":[102],"enhanced,":[108],"bringing":[109],"higher":[111],"rate.":[113],"However,":[114],"it":[115],"also":[116],"leads":[117],"exponential":[120],"growth":[121],"training":[124],"overhead.":[125],"To":[126],"achieve":[127],"critical":[129],"tradeoff":[130],"between":[131,146],"rate":[134],"overhead,":[136],"evaluate":[138],"throughput":[141,155],"model":[143],"relation":[145],"mathematically.":[156],"The":[157],"optimal":[158],"then":[162],"derived":[163],"given":[164],"different":[165],"user":[166],"distributions.":[167],"Simulation":[168],"results":[169],"verify":[170],"our":[171],"theoretical":[172],"analysis":[173],"show":[175],"influence":[177],"both":[179],"on":[185],"throughput.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}