{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4320067127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012902","title":"Outdoor Localization of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces using Radio Maps","display_name":"Outdoor Localization of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces using Radio Maps","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4320067127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012902"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044721863","display_name":"Satya Kumar Vankayala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Satya Kumar Vankayala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044670080","display_name":"Purnima Lala Mehta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Purnima Lala Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109566077","display_name":"Seungil Yoon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungil Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networks S/W R & D Group, Samsung Electronics,Suwon,South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networks S/W R & D Group, Samsung Electronics,Suwon,South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008826027","display_name":"Kuldeep Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9756-4483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuldeep Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011369212","display_name":"N Prashant","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Prashant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070488027","display_name":"Sai Krishna Santosh Gollapudi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9858-2947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139030","display_name":"Samsung (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04cpx2569","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Krishna Santosh Gollapudi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung R & D Institute,Networks S/W R & D Group,Bengaluru,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044721863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139030"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6438,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65220239,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9901552796363831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7508533000946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6652207374572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6033837795257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.593281626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5468825697898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5287729501724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5251098275184631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4898175895214081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4864749610424042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2307010293006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07221722602844238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9901552796363831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7508533000946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6652207374572754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6033837795257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.593281626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5468825697898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5287729501724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5251098275184631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4898175895214081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4864749610424042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2307010293006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07221722602844238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012902","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315144","display_name":"MathWorks","ror":"https://ror.org/01n8qtk87"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W608441310","https://openalex.org/W1507039213","https://openalex.org/W2617211273","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W2996313530","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3104300639","https://openalex.org/W3120987407","https://openalex.org/W3160568401","https://openalex.org/W3186947394","https://openalex.org/W3205171351","https://openalex.org/W4200416794","https://openalex.org/W4206464280","https://openalex.org/W4214587400","https://openalex.org/W4297662214"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306950403","https://openalex.org/W22721396","https://openalex.org/W2253573804","https://openalex.org/W4300167711","https://openalex.org/W2806700348","https://openalex.org/W2963347964","https://openalex.org/W1994455657","https://openalex.org/W2168752585","https://openalex.org/W2982213597","https://openalex.org/W2988991102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Determining":[0],"the":[1,35,39,53,93,108,112,116,132,137,157],"best":[2],"locations":[3,84,135],"for":[4,46],"Intelligent":[5],"Reflecting":[6],"Surface":[7],"(IRS)":[8],"is":[9],"crucial":[10],"in":[11,27,37,107,115,155],"attaining":[12],"an":[13,61,105,152,160],"intelligent":[14],"and":[15,75],"controllable":[16],"wireless":[17,43],"environment,":[18],"where":[19],"increased":[20],"probability":[21],"of":[22,41,56,66,139,159],"Line-of-Sight":[23],"(LoS)":[24],"links":[25],"results":[26,145],"achieving":[28],"higher":[29],"performance":[30,40,55],"gains.":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"investigates":[34],"potential":[36],"improving":[38],"IRS-assisted":[42],"communication":[44],"systems":[45],"Non-Line-of-Sight":[47],"(NLoS)":[48],"users.":[49],"We":[50,71],"particularly":[51],"evaluate":[52],"coverage":[54,158],"placing":[57],"multiple":[58],"IRSs":[59,140],"within":[60],"area":[62,117],"map":[63,118],"that":[64,86,147],"consists":[65],"pre-installed":[67],"Base":[68],"Stations":[69],"(BSs).":[70],"propose":[72],"a":[73,87],"fast":[74],"novel":[76],"Angle-Direction":[77],"Localization":[78],"algorithm":[79],"to":[80,92,111],"determine":[81],"optimal":[82],"IRS":[83],"such":[85],"virtual":[88],"LoS":[89,109],"(VLoS)":[90],"path":[91,128],"NLoS":[94,113,133],"users":[95,114],"can":[96],"be":[97],"established.":[98],"Through":[99],"our":[100],"proposed":[101],"algorithm,":[102],"we":[103,124],"show":[104,125],"increase":[106],"connections":[110],"using":[119,141],"optimally":[120,148],"localized":[121,149],"IRSs.":[122],"Lastly,":[123],"minimized":[126],"end-to-end":[127],"loss":[129],"levels":[130],"at":[131],"user":[134],"on":[136],"placement":[138],"radio":[142],"maps.":[143],"Our":[144],"showcase":[146],"IRSs,":[150],"play":[151],"important":[153],"role":[154],"extending":[156],"existing":[161],"network.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}