{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317418809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012836","title":"Metamorphic Testing for Edge Real-Time Face Recognition and Intrusion Detection Solution","display_name":"Metamorphic Testing for Edge Real-Time Face Recognition and Intrusion Detection Solution","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317418809","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012836"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025252165","display_name":"Mourad Raif","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75880681","display_name":"Hassania School of Public Works","ror":"https://ror.org/01ye8vh67","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mourad Raif","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056462185","display_name":"El Mehdi Ouafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-5002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75880681","display_name":"Hassania School of Public Works","ror":"https://ror.org/01ye8vh67","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El Mehdi Ouafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109424612","display_name":"Abdessamad El Rharras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2537-8459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75880681","display_name":"Hassania School of Public Works","ror":"https://ror.org/01ye8vh67","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdessamad El Rharras","raw_affiliation_strings":["SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007232302","display_name":"Abdellah Chehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-6062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51768193","display_name":"Royal Military College of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04yr71909","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdellah Chehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Royal Military College of Canada,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,Kingston,Ontario,Canada","Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Military College of Canada,Department of Mathematics and Computer Science,Kingston,Ontario,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064506479","display_name":"Rachid Saadane","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-8313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75880681","display_name":"Hassania School of Public Works","ror":"https://ror.org/01ye8vh67","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Saadane","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory Engineering Systems, SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","Laboratory Engineering Systems, SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Engineering Systems, SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works,Casablanca,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory Engineering Systems, SIRC/LAGeS-EHTP, Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025252165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75880681"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71662469,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6508281826972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6502460241317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5357816219329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamorphic-rock","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","score":0.5238910913467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5083903670310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43668514490127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35330551862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16925495862960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geochemistry","display_name":"Geochemistry","score":0.09563687443733215}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6508281826972961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6502460241317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5357816219329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26687426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47069","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","level":2,"score":0.5238910913467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5083903670310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43668514490127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35330551862716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16925495862960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.09563687443733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012836","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012836","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503780554","https://openalex.org/W1524897118","https://openalex.org/W2001525166","https://openalex.org/W2004211009","https://openalex.org/W2065710570","https://openalex.org/W2801646547","https://openalex.org/W2957066083","https://openalex.org/W2963670055","https://openalex.org/W2963723316","https://openalex.org/W2997438574","https://openalex.org/W3086938529","https://openalex.org/W3130385868","https://openalex.org/W3154019088","https://openalex.org/W3154846917","https://openalex.org/W3171825621","https://openalex.org/W4213267140","https://openalex.org/W4244229653","https://openalex.org/W4292603899","https://openalex.org/W6772305809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388869842","https://openalex.org/W2354163170","https://openalex.org/W2012269922","https://openalex.org/W2368683800","https://openalex.org/W4255743663","https://openalex.org/W2401987651","https://openalex.org/W2116423617","https://openalex.org/W2347824352","https://openalex.org/W2112875849","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"city":[1],"applications":[2],"are":[3,15,30],"using":[4,53,96],"extensively":[5],"artificial":[6],"intelligence":[7],"for":[8,60],"decision-making.":[9],"Among":[10],"the":[11,37,54,91],"fields":[12],"of":[13,93],"application":[14],"facial":[16],"recognition":[17,79],"and":[18,28,42,49,83,107],"intrusion":[19,50],"detection.":[20],"The":[21],"subject":[22],"is":[23,64],"old,":[24],"but":[25],"processing":[26],"techniques":[27],"hardware":[29],"constantly":[31],"evolving.":[32],"This":[33,68],"paper":[34],"will":[35],"review":[36],"most":[38],"widely":[39],"known":[40],"practices":[41],"apply":[43],"them":[44],"to":[45],"a":[46],"smart":[47],"parking":[48],"detection":[51],"system":[52,95],"\u201cJetsonNano\u201d":[55],"board.":[56],"Nowadays,":[57],"quality":[58],"assurance":[59],"machine":[61],"learning":[62],"systems":[63],"becoming":[65],"increasingly":[66],"important.":[67],"article":[69],"focuses":[70],"on":[71,100],"detecting":[72],"bugs":[73],"in":[74],"implementing":[75],"two":[76],"classical":[77],"face":[78],"algorithms:":[80],"Eigenface":[81],"(EF)":[82],"Local":[84],"binary":[85],"pattern":[86],"histogram":[87],"(LBPH).":[88],"We":[89],"tested":[90],"efficiency":[92],"our":[94],"metamorphic":[97],"testing":[98],"depending":[99],"many":[101],"factors:":[102],"weather":[103],"conditions,":[104],"pixel":[105],"noise,":[106],"distortion.":[108]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}