{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317419376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012726","title":"A Convolutional Attention Based Deep Learning Solution for 5G UAV Network Attack Recognition over Fading Channels and Interference","display_name":"A Convolutional Attention Based Deep Learning Solution for 5G UAV Network Attack Recognition over Fading Channels and Interference","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317419376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/28843/1/conferenceobject_96438.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071534495","display_name":"Joseanne Viana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4191-3127"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joseanne Viana","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISCTE &#x2013; Instituto Universit&#x00E1;rio de Lisboa, Av. das For&#x00E7;as Armadas,Lisbon,Portugal,1649-026"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISCTE &#x2013; Instituto Universit&#x00E1;rio de Lisboa, Av. das For&#x00E7;as Armadas,Lisbon,Portugal,1649-026","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053030714","display_name":"Hamed Farkhari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2620-260X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119865","display_name":"Projecto Desenvolvimento Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o Forma\u00e7\u00e3o e Consultadoria","ror":"https://ror.org/02mfpez21","country_code":"PT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119865"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamed Farkhari","raw_affiliation_strings":["PDMFC, Rua Fradesso da Silveira, n. 4, Piso 1B,Lisboa,Portugal,1300-609"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PDMFC, Rua Fradesso da Silveira, n. 4, Piso 1B,Lisboa,Portugal,1300-609","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070300320","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Miguel Campos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-8492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119865","display_name":"Projecto Desenvolvimento Manuten\u00e7\u00e3o Forma\u00e7\u00e3o e Consultadoria","ror":"https://ror.org/02mfpez21","country_code":"PT","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119865"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Miguel Campos","raw_affiliation_strings":["PDMFC, Rua Fradesso da Silveira, n. 4, Piso 1B,Lisboa,Portugal,1300-609"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PDMFC, Rua Fradesso da Silveira, n. 4, Piso 1B,Lisboa,Portugal,1300-609","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119865"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037481240","display_name":"Pedro Sebasti\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7729-4033"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Sebastiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISCTE &#x2013; Instituto Universit&#x00E1;rio de Lisboa, Av. das For&#x00E7;as Armadas,Lisbon,Portugal,1649-026"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISCTE &#x2013; Instituto Universit&#x00E1;rio de Lisboa, Av. das For&#x00E7;as Armadas,Lisbon,Portugal,1649-026","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056942650","display_name":"Katerina Koutlia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0111-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katerina Koutlia","raw_affiliation_strings":["CTTC - Centre Tecnol&#x00F2;gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CERCA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CTTC - Centre Tecnol&#x00F2;gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CERCA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054976554","display_name":"Sandra Lag\u00e9n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4986-5104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087295","display_name":"Centre Tecnologic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/001cwea56","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Lagen","raw_affiliation_strings":["CTTC - Centre Tecnol&#x00F2;gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CERCA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CTTC - Centre Tecnol&#x00F2;gic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya (CERCA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087295"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023238754","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Bernardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3384-9997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["FCT &#x2013; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FCT &#x2013; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034724801","display_name":"Rui Dinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","ror":"https://ror.org/02xankh89","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Dinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["FCT &#x2013; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FCT &#x2013; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Monte da Caparica,Caparica,Portugal,2829-516","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071534495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1421,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80699708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8178317546844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.61087566614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.57215416431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5521734952926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4994468688964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.4793189764022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4717353582382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.45885494351387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45519930124282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45441848039627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45052841305732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27194392681121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1952829360961914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8178317546844482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.61087566614151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.57215416431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5521734952926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4994468688964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4793189764022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4717353582382202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.45885494351387024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45519930124282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45441848039627075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45052841305732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27194392681121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1952829360961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2022-fall57202.2022.10012726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607792","display_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE 96th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2022-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.iscte-iul.pt:10071/28843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10071/28843","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/28843/1/conferenceobject_96438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400114","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional do ISCTE-IUL (ISCTE-IUL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110026055","host_organization_name":"Iscte \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference object"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:7691648","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2022-Fall57202.2022.10012726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"96th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, VTC 2022-Fall 2022","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.iscte-iul.pt:10071/28843","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10071/28843","pdf_url":"https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/bitstream/10071/28843/1/conferenceobject_96438.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400114","display_name":"Reposit\u00f3rio Institucional do ISCTE-IUL (ISCTE-IUL)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I110026055","host_organization_name":"Iscte \u2013 Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110026055"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference object"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5398252011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"813391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4317419376.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W2598525681","https://openalex.org/W2798444003","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W3102696584","https://openalex.org/W4210944412","https://openalex.org/W4293057336","https://openalex.org/W4293095081","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6632100814"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2327053383","https://openalex.org/W2356834760","https://openalex.org/W1964600846","https://openalex.org/W2790025453","https://openalex.org/W2127563499","https://openalex.org/W2030191005","https://openalex.org/W2027568561","https://openalex.org/W1521521035","https://openalex.org/W1865172210","https://openalex.org/W2120897947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"users":[1],"exchange":[2],"data":[3,41],"with":[4,91,170],"Unmanned":[5],"Aerial":[6],"Vehicles":[7],"-":[8,12,96],"(UAVs)":[9],"over":[10],"Air-to-Ground":[11],"(A2G)":[13],"wireless":[14],"communication":[15],"networks,":[16],"they":[17],"expose":[18],"the":[19,44,122,131,138,165,168,178,188,193,200,209,213],"link":[20],"to":[21,43,58,140],"attacks":[22,87,183],"that":[23,52,185,212],"could":[24],"increase":[25],"packet":[26],"loss":[27],"and":[28,56,74,137,199],"might":[29,48],"disrupt":[30],"connectivity.":[31],"For":[32],"example,":[33],"in":[34,50,72,105,117,127,167],"emergency":[35],"deliveries,":[36],"losing":[37],"control":[38,46],"information":[39],"(i.e.,":[40],"related":[42],"UAV":[45,54,129,215],"communication)":[47],"result":[49],"accidents":[51],"cause":[53],"destruction":[55],"damage":[57],"buildings":[59],"or":[60],"other":[61],"elements.":[62],"To":[63],"prevent":[64],"these":[65,67],"problems,":[66],"issues":[68],"must":[69],"be":[70],"addressed":[71],"5G":[73,128],"6G":[75],"scenarios.":[76],"This":[77],"research":[78],"offers":[79],"a":[80,225],"Deep":[81],"Learning":[82],"(DL)":[83],"approach":[84],"for":[85,181],"detecting":[86],"on":[88,99],"UAVs":[89],"equipped":[90],"Orthogonal":[92],"Frequency":[93],"Division":[94],"Multiplexing":[95],"(OFDM)":[97],"receivers":[98],"Clustered":[100],"Delay":[101],"Line":[102],"(CDL)":[103],"channels":[104],"highly":[106],"complex":[107],"scenarios":[108],"involving":[109],"authenticated":[110,214],"terrestrial":[111,172],"users,":[112],"as":[113,115],"well":[114],"attackers":[116,166,223],"unknown":[118],"locations.":[119],"We":[120],"use":[121],"two":[123],"observable":[124],"parameters":[125],"available":[126],"connections:":[130],"Received":[132],"Signal":[133,139],"Strength":[134],"Indicator":[135],"(RSSI)":[136],"Interference":[141],"plus":[142],"Noise":[143],"Ratio":[144],"(SINR).":[145],"The":[146,217],"developed":[147,218],"algorithm":[148,219],"is":[149,196,204,208],"generalizable":[150],"regarding":[151],"attack":[152,194,202],"identification,":[153],"which":[154,207],"does":[155],"not":[156],"occur":[157],"during":[158],"training.":[159],"Further,":[160],"it":[161],"can":[162],"identify":[163],"all":[164],"environment":[169],"20":[171],"users.":[173],"A":[174],"deeper":[175],"investigation":[176],"into":[177],"timing":[179],"requirements":[180],"recognizing":[182],"shows":[184],"after":[186,192],"training,":[187],"minimum":[189,201],"time":[190],"necessary":[191],"begins":[195],"100":[197],"ms,":[198],"power":[203,211],"2":[205],"dBm,":[206],"same":[210],"uses.":[216],"also":[220],"detects":[221],"moving":[222],"from":[224],"distance":[226],"of":[227],"500":[228],"m.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
