{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3172166977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448820","title":"Inaccurate Prediction Is Not Always Bad: Open-World Driver Recognition via Error Analysis","display_name":"Inaccurate Prediction Is Not Always Bad: Open-World Driver Recognition via Error Analysis","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3172166977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448820","mag":"3172166977"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462032","display_name":"Jian\u2010Feng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1598-6856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101491001","display_name":"Kaifa Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-7498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaifa Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101859299","display_name":"Yajuan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8741-2934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32574673","display_name":"Shantou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01a099706","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajuan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32574673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400376","display_name":"Xiapu Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9082-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiapu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003951925","display_name":"Xiaobo Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-5035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobo Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100462032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1833,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47987604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.8001845479011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7616932392120361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-prediction-error","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","score":0.521697461605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4933702051639557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4808979034423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source","display_name":"Open source","score":0.46400395035743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.43958619236946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.43299034237861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10699814558029175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.8001845479011536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7616932392120361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167085575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803654","display_name":"Mean squared prediction error","level":2,"score":0.521697461605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4933702051639557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4808979034423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.46400395035743713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43958619236946106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.43299034237861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10699814558029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448820","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448820","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1657213141","https://openalex.org/W1972441921","https://openalex.org/W2130942839","https://openalex.org/W2145938889","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2160595088","https://openalex.org/W2343898521","https://openalex.org/W2484214139","https://openalex.org/W2539417147","https://openalex.org/W2547563342","https://openalex.org/W2563635663","https://openalex.org/W2590652386","https://openalex.org/W2594328392","https://openalex.org/W2606851531","https://openalex.org/W2734936567","https://openalex.org/W2752128027","https://openalex.org/W2752719613","https://openalex.org/W2781765535","https://openalex.org/W2784687433","https://openalex.org/W2786973885","https://openalex.org/W2910603373","https://openalex.org/W2916772464","https://openalex.org/W2949364977","https://openalex.org/W2959675813","https://openalex.org/W2963535483","https://openalex.org/W2970350541","https://openalex.org/W2974739964","https://openalex.org/W2989755930","https://openalex.org/W3006586803","https://openalex.org/W3100777112","https://openalex.org/W3115237034","https://openalex.org/W4300231622","https://openalex.org/W6679436768","https://openalex.org/W6681158678","https://openalex.org/W6722156036","https://openalex.org/W6762241614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2726467123","https://openalex.org/W2064726690","https://openalex.org/W4254065731","https://openalex.org/W4252678288","https://openalex.org/W1607297154","https://openalex.org/W4210820789","https://openalex.org/W2913177154","https://openalex.org/W4237782192","https://openalex.org/W4235131201","https://openalex.org/W4232793539"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver":[0],"identification":[1],"is":[2,117,139,149],"of":[3,20,60,65,69],"fundamental":[4],"importance":[5],"in":[6,32],"many":[7],"vehicle-related":[8],"applications,":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11],"fleet":[12],"monitoring":[13],"and":[14,49,105],"anti-theft":[15],"system.":[16],"The":[17,132],"vast":[18],"majority":[19],"existing":[21],"methods":[22],"work":[23],"under":[24],"the":[25,58,66,70,88,97],"closed-world":[26,121,146],"assumption,":[27],"which":[28],"may":[29],"be":[30],"unrealistic":[31],"practice.":[33],"In":[34],"this":[35],"paper,":[36],"we":[37],"consider":[38],"a":[39,51,93,101],"more":[40],"practical":[41],"but":[42],"challenging":[43],"scenario,":[44],"i.e.,":[45],"open-world":[46,113,136],"driver":[47,59,71,122,137,147],"recognition,":[48],"propose":[50],"systematic":[52],"method":[53,116,128],"dubbed":[54],"DRIVERPRINT.":[55],"To":[56],"recognize":[57],"interest,":[61],"DRIVERPRINT":[62,86],"takes":[63],"advantage":[64],"behavioral":[67],"predictability":[68],"himself,":[72],"thereby":[73],"no":[74],"need":[75],"to":[76,141,151],"collect":[77],"data":[78],"from":[79],"other":[80],"drivers":[81,108],"for":[82,135,145],"model":[83,104],"training.":[84],"Specifically,":[85],"predicts":[87],"behavior-related":[89],"traveling":[90],"speed":[91],"with":[92,100,120],"driver-specific":[94],"predictor,":[95],"compares":[96],"prediction":[98],"error":[99,103,110],"pre-trained":[102],"finally":[106],"recognizes":[107],"via":[109],"analysis.":[111],"Besides":[112],"setting,":[114],"our":[115,127],"also":[118],"compatible":[119],"classification.":[123],"Real-world":[124],"experiments":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"achieves":[129],"reasonable":[130],"accuracy.":[131],"average":[133],"F1-score":[134],"recognition":[138],"up":[140,150],"0.91,":[142],"while":[143],"that":[144],"classification":[148],"0.973.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}