{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166165185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448813","title":"Design and Implementation of Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Road Marking-based Perspective Transformation","display_name":"Design and Implementation of Vehicle Speed Estimation Using Road Marking-based Perspective Transformation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166165185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448813","mag":"3166165185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448813","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089093915","display_name":"Wanping Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wan-Ping Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103545717","display_name":"Yingcheng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Cheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001923314","display_name":"Chih-Chun Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Chun Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059627549","display_name":"Jenq\u2010Shiou Leu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7197-9912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenq-Shiou Leu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076931313","display_name":"Jui-Tang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9875-7647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jui-Tang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089093915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4959,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8407855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7462562322616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6918129920959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5821078419685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5379437208175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5168479084968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation-matrix","display_name":"Transformation matrix","score":0.5072426199913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4931473135948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4581770598888397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-resectioning","display_name":"Camera resectioning","score":0.4323255121707916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.4258885383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plan","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","score":0.42055845260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34550565481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17855170369148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13640627264976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09545162320137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08322697877883911}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7462562322616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6918129920959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5821078419685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5379437208175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5168479084968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165443888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482183","display_name":"Transformation matrix","level":3,"score":0.5072426199913025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4931473135948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4581770598888397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110898773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933935","display_name":"Camera resectioning","level":2,"score":0.4323255121707916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.4258885383605957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.42055845260620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34550565481185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17855170369148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13640627264976501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09545162320137024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08322697877883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448813","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448813","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02b207r52"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W1542519289","https://openalex.org/W1861460904","https://openalex.org/W2148976443","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2524986418","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2767598133","https://openalex.org/W2895160027","https://openalex.org/W2900327972","https://openalex.org/W2903541953","https://openalex.org/W2936789839","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2965181581","https://openalex.org/W3013747287","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4238999211","https://openalex.org/W6618372016"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2100079542","https://openalex.org/W1994539089","https://openalex.org/W1515939773","https://openalex.org/W2112938363","https://openalex.org/W1601028106","https://openalex.org/W2383398300","https://openalex.org/W3083574311"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1,30],"recent":[2],"developments":[3],"in":[4,162],"speed":[5,19,28,38,129],"estimation":[6,20],"and":[7,25,125,152,157],"deep":[8],"learning":[9,53],"technology,":[10],"we":[11,145],"prefer":[12],"to":[13,21,45,55,62,81,94,108,123,147],"use":[14,50],"only":[15],"one":[16],"camera":[17],"for":[18],"reduce":[22],"hardware":[23],"costs,":[24],"calculate":[26],"the":[27,31,36,47,66,69,73,83,87,110,113,117,120,128,143,149,154],"immediately":[29],"screen":[32],"instead":[33],"of":[34,68,85,112,119],"calculating":[35],"average":[37,132,137],"over":[39],"a":[40,51,95],"distance,":[41],"making":[42],"it":[43,161],"easier":[44],"install":[46],"device.":[48],"We":[49],"machine":[52],"method":[54],"detect":[56],"vehicle":[57],"objects,":[58],"so":[59],"as":[60],"not":[61],"be":[63,79,92],"limited":[64],"by":[65,98,159],"direction":[67],"vehicle.":[70],"In":[71,142],"addition,":[72],"road":[74,88,99,114],"traffic":[75],"marking":[76],"rules":[77],"can":[78,91],"used":[80],"obtain":[82],"size":[84,111],"all":[86],"markings,":[89],"which":[90],"converted":[93],"calibration":[96],"matrix":[97],"marking-based":[100],"perspective":[101],"transformation.":[102],"Therefore,":[103],"there":[104],"is":[105,134,140],"no":[106],"need":[107],"measure":[109],"or":[115],"get":[116],"scale":[118],"image":[121],"beforehand":[122],"calibrate":[124],"then":[126],"complete":[127],"estimation.":[130],"An":[131],"error":[133,139],"3.2":[135],"km/hr,":[136],"relative":[138],"9.94%.":[141],"future,":[144],"plan":[146],"improve":[148],"recognition":[150],"accuracy":[151],"make":[153],"system":[155],"lighter":[156],"cheaper":[158],"building":[160],"an":[163],"embedded":[164],"system.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}