{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166401965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448754","title":"On Higher-Order Statistics of the Channel Model for UAV-to-Ground Communications","display_name":"On Higher-Order Statistics of the Channel Model for UAV-to-Ground Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166401965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448754","mag":"3166401965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448754","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstreams/76cb0515-9145-427e-9252-dec9b1758c97/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091562456","display_name":"\u010caslav Stefanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-3356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caslav Stefanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007177405","display_name":"Stefan Pani\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5868-1764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152518017","display_name":"University of Nis","ror":"https://ror.org/00965bg92","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan R. Panic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Pristina, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Pristina, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152518017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050580025","display_name":"Vimal Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5148-6643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64295750","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Indore","ror":"https://ror.org/01hhf7w52","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vimal Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64295750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068162594","display_name":"Nagendra Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7376-308X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187761245","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur","ror":"https://ror.org/01sebzx27","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187761245"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagendra Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187761245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005623079","display_name":"Sanjeev Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-1064"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56404289","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","ror":"https://ror.org/01kh5gc44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4949,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88227904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.847132682800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.6859340071678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.562631368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5264604687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44824841618537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadow-mapping","display_name":"Shadow mapping","score":0.434232622385025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.40435630083084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.38100162148475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3801345229148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.369382381439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33199626207351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14414438605308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10572761297225952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.847132682800293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.6859340071678162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.562631368637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5264604687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44824841618537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116544410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478122","display_name":"Shadow mapping","level":2,"score":0.434232622385025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.40435630083084106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.38100162148475647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3801345229148865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.369382381439209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33199626207351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14414438605308533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10572761297225952}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448754","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448754","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/32953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/32953","pdf_url":"https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstreams/76cb0515-9145-427e-9252-dec9b1758c97/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:e-archivo.uc3m.es:10016/32953","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10016/32953","pdf_url":"https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstreams/76cb0515-9145-427e-9252-dec9b1758c97/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400817","display_name":"e-Archivo (Carlos III University of Madrid)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","host_organization_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307785","display_name":"3M","ror":"https://ror.org/00mgss748"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323770","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338438","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3166401965.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3166401965.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604181985","https://openalex.org/W1629613703","https://openalex.org/W1963527183","https://openalex.org/W2033038077","https://openalex.org/W2056590040","https://openalex.org/W2123279748","https://openalex.org/W2168847332","https://openalex.org/W2805402552","https://openalex.org/W2895265707","https://openalex.org/W2958212326","https://openalex.org/W2963580658","https://openalex.org/W2982337857","https://openalex.org/W2982707841","https://openalex.org/W2989250322","https://openalex.org/W2998824527","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3015288828","https://openalex.org/W3023102341","https://openalex.org/W3040082766","https://openalex.org/W3047053781","https://openalex.org/W3047200078","https://openalex.org/W3127230209","https://openalex.org/W4249365614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128350152","https://openalex.org/W2121824117","https://openalex.org/W2118931651","https://openalex.org/W2164974156","https://openalex.org/W2115794616","https://openalex.org/W2049075887","https://openalex.org/W2103831785","https://openalex.org/W3000477998","https://openalex.org/W2374445688","https://openalex.org/W2100512474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned-aerial-vehicles":[0],"(UAVs)":[1],"based":[2,45,55],"communications":[3,19],"are":[4,23,44,59,132,159,178],"envisioned":[5],"to":[6,143,187],"play":[7],"an":[8],"important":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,20,141],"5G":[12,15],"and":[13,93,113,138,156],"beyond":[14],"(B5G)":[16],"systems.":[17],"UAV-to-ground":[18,42,121],"urban":[21],"cities":[22],"often":[24],"characterized":[25],"by":[26,35,134],"highly":[27],"dynamic":[28],"propagation":[29],"environments":[30],"that":[31,154],"can":[32],"be":[33],"described":[34],"composite":[36],"fading":[37,66,83,172],"channels.":[38,67],"Most":[39],"of":[40,63,89,118,170,195],"the":[41,53,74,87,119,125,175,182,192,198],"systems":[43],"on":[46,56,174],"first":[47],"order":[48,76,142],"(FO)":[49],"performance":[50],"evaluation,":[51],"however":[52],"models":[54],"FO":[57],"statistics":[58,78,177],"insufficient":[60],"for":[61,73,108,163,191],"characterization":[62],"time":[64],"variant":[65],"We":[68],"provide":[69,144],"comprehensive":[70],"mathematical":[71,106,149],"framework":[72],"second":[75],"(SO)":[77],"over":[79],"double-scattered,":[80],"double-shadowed":[81],"(DS-DS)":[82],"channels,":[84],"modeled":[85],"as":[86],"product":[88],"double":[90,94],"Nakagami-m":[91],"(DN)":[92],"inverse":[95],"Gamma":[96],"(DIG)":[97],"random":[98],"processes":[99],"(RPs).":[100],"In":[101],"particular,":[102],"we":[103],"obtained":[104],"exact":[105,157],"expressions":[107,131],"average":[109],"fade":[110],"duration":[111],"(AFD)":[112],"level":[114,201],"crossing":[115],"rate":[116],"(LCR)":[117],"proposed":[120,183],"channel":[122],"model.":[123],"Moreover,":[124],"exact,":[126],"integral":[127],"form":[128],"SO":[129,176,189],"statistical":[130],"approximated":[133],"Laplace":[135],"Integration":[136],"(LI)":[137],"exponential":[139],"LI":[140],"closed":[145],"form,":[146],"easily":[147],"computing":[148],"expressions.":[150],"Numerical":[151],"results":[152,158],"show":[153],"approximate":[155],"fitting":[160],"well,":[161],"especially":[162],"higher":[164],"output":[165],"threshold":[166],"values.":[167],"The":[168],"impact":[169],"DS-DS":[171],"severities":[173],"well":[179],"investigated.":[180],"Furthermore,":[181],"method":[184],"is":[185],"extended":[186],"analyze":[188],"performances":[190],"selection":[193],"scenario":[194],"UAV":[196],"with":[197],"highest":[199],"signal":[200],"from":[202],"among":[203],"N-UAVs":[204],"links.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T01:25:22.217667","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
