{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3166145986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448691","title":"Black-Box Testing for Security-Informed Safety of Automated Driving Systems","display_name":"Black-Box Testing for Security-Informed Safety of Automated Driving Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3166145986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448691","mag":"3166145986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-54470","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086383614","display_name":"Martin A. Skoglund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9183-3427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800664555","display_name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden","ror":"https://ror.org/03nnxqz81","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Martin Skoglund","raw_affiliation_strings":["RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bor\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bor\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039584788","display_name":"Fredrik Warg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4069-6252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800664555","display_name":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden","ror":"https://ror.org/03nnxqz81","country_code":"SE","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Warg","raw_affiliation_strings":["RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bor\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Bor\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010093986","display_name":"Hans Hansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7235-6888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Hansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRTC, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRTC, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040670014","display_name":"Sasikumar Punnekkat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5269-3900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82509713","display_name":"M\u00e4lardalen University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vfbz75","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasikumar Punnekkat","raw_affiliation_strings":["MRTC, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MRTC, M\u00e4lardalen University, V\u00e4ster\u00e5s, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82509713"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086383614"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800664555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8022,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.713048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7340685129165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.7207150459289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.680321991443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box-testing","display_name":"White-box testing","score":0.6563360691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5614620447158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5572317242622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.49801039695739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.48021945357322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.46908655762672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.21908238530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20015186071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.10256117582321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10079637169837952}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7340685129165649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.7207150459289551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.680321991443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162443782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066228","display_name":"White-box testing","level":5,"score":0.6563360691070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5614620447158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5572317242622375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49801039695739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.48021945357322693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.46908655762672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.21908238530158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20015186071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.10256117582321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10079637169837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-spring51267.2021.9448691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ri-54470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-54470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ri-54470","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-54470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401559","display_name":"KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501570075","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W2099005886","https://openalex.org/W2123284646","https://openalex.org/W2145071552","https://openalex.org/W2328067583","https://openalex.org/W2512880433","https://openalex.org/W2518208562","https://openalex.org/W2593704304","https://openalex.org/W2603128835","https://openalex.org/W2748646407","https://openalex.org/W2888152077","https://openalex.org/W2895767712","https://openalex.org/W2900036466","https://openalex.org/W2930418732","https://openalex.org/W3027122403","https://openalex.org/W3036612116","https://openalex.org/W3164375232","https://openalex.org/W4287777145","https://openalex.org/W6735809050","https://openalex.org/W6743190024","https://openalex.org/W6778377418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1807477017","https://openalex.org/W112492789","https://openalex.org/W4312784883","https://openalex.org/W2372895414","https://openalex.org/W3172280674","https://openalex.org/W2348531541","https://openalex.org/W1501213200","https://openalex.org/W2045393060","https://openalex.org/W2349359195","https://openalex.org/W4283073747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"evaluation":[1],"of":[2,36,48,71,116,122,129,131,142,150],"safety":[3,154,194],"and":[4,32,52,73,104,134,155,168],"security":[5,59],"properties":[6],"performed":[7,67],"by":[8],"an":[9,14,49,86,123,148,161],"independent":[10,124],"organisation":[11],"can":[12,65],"be":[13,66],"important":[15],"step":[16],"towards":[17],"establishing":[18],"trust":[19],"in":[20,39,55],"Automated":[21],"Driving":[22],"Systems":[23],"(ADS),":[24],"bridging":[25],"the":[26,29,33,46,79,127,151,158,186],"gap":[27],"between":[28,153],"marketing":[30],"portrayal":[31],"actual":[34],"performance":[35],"such":[37,117,174],"systems":[38],"real":[40,57],"operating":[41],"conditions.":[42],"However,":[43],"due":[44],"to":[45,88,93,111,146,165,191],"complexity":[47],"ADS's":[50],"behaviour":[51,133],"dangers":[53],"involved":[54],"performing":[56],"environment":[58],"attacks,":[60],"we":[61,84,137],"believe":[62],"assessments":[63],"that":[64],"with":[68,182],"a":[69,139],"combination":[70],"simulation":[72],"validation":[74],"at":[75],"test":[76,90],"facilities":[77],"is":[78,110,163,188],"way":[80],"forward.In":[81],"this":[82],"paper,":[83],"outline":[85],"approach":[87],"derive":[89,138],"suites":[91],"applicable":[92],"generic":[94],"ADS":[95,162],"feature":[96,118],"classes,":[97],"where":[98],"classes":[99,119],"would":[100],"have":[101],"similar":[102],"capabilities":[103],"comparable":[105],"assessment":[106],"results.":[107],"The":[108],"goal":[109],"support":[112],"black":[113],"box":[114],"testing":[115],"as":[120,175],"part":[121],"evaluation.":[125],"By":[126],"means":[128],"co-simulation":[130],"post-attack":[132],"critical":[135],"scenarios,":[136],"representative":[140],"set":[141],"physical":[143],"certification":[144],"tests,":[145],"gain":[147],"understanding":[149],"interplay":[152],"security.":[156],"During":[157],"initial":[159],"tests":[160],"subjected":[164],"various":[166],"attacks":[167],"its":[169],"reactions":[170,173],"recorded.":[171],"These":[172],"reduced":[176],"functionality,":[177],"fall":[178],"back":[179],"etc.,":[180],"together":[181],"relevant":[183],"scenarios":[184],"for":[185,193],"class":[187],"further":[189],"analysed":[190],"check":[192],"implications.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
