{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200129773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625554","title":"Energy-Efficient Uplink Power Allocation in Ultra-Dense Network Through Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Energy-Efficient Uplink Power Allocation in Ultra-Dense Network Through Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200129773","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082431442","display_name":"Yujie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2896-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yujie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083405667","display_name":"Tao Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-6255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045738858","display_name":"Yichen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0221-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350664","display_name":"Wenbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-3189"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Signal Processing and Networks Laboratory (WSPN), Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communication, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8362653851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7703509330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7384377717971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6409367918968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5366584062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5312328934669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.49180272221565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4889470338821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4238934814929962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4148298501968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41438037157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.40715867280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.306570440530777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27881160378456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2570950984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1628420650959015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1592751145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09743550419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07869523763656616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8362653851509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7703509330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7384377717971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6409367918968201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5366584062576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5312328934669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.49180272221565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4889470338821411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4238934814929962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4148298501968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41438037157058716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40715867280960083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.306570440530777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27881160378456116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2570950984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1628420650959015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1592751145362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09743550419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07869523763656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625554","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1255514163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L192002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6262056264","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5de5\u4e1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684D2D\u534f\u540c\u4f20\u8f93\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61631004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568307856","https://openalex.org/W1993885071","https://openalex.org/W2095548369","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2344072545","https://openalex.org/W2530353017","https://openalex.org/W2565767594","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2788658053","https://openalex.org/W2937571395","https://openalex.org/W2963186244","https://openalex.org/W2969195240","https://openalex.org/W2979880859","https://openalex.org/W2993586168","https://openalex.org/W3016325548","https://openalex.org/W3045694990","https://openalex.org/W3045729999","https://openalex.org/W3105970889","https://openalex.org/W3176565480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W790449367","https://openalex.org/W4302568799","https://openalex.org/W1482197907","https://openalex.org/W2017282549","https://openalex.org/W1550567184","https://openalex.org/W2950729840","https://openalex.org/W2156248763","https://openalex.org/W2291764513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Energy":[0],"efficiency":[1,130],"(EE)":[2],"is":[3,54,149],"acknowledged":[4],"as":[5,88,131,133],"a":[6,111,135],"key":[7],"performance":[8,112],"indicator":[9],"for":[10],"5G":[11,25],"networks.":[12],"This":[13],"paper":[14,72],"mainly":[15,34],"studies":[16],"the":[17,37,58,69,93,97,102,106,121,140,146,161],"problem":[18],"of":[19,41,60,105,128,145],"energy":[20,129],"efficient":[21],"power":[22,31,76],"allocation":[23,32,77],"in":[24,63,126],"Ultra-dense":[26],"network":[27,137],"(UDN).":[28],"The":[29,143],"existing":[30],"algorithms":[33],"focus":[35],"on":[36,45,80],"downlink,":[38],"and":[39,53,91],"most":[40],"them":[42],"are":[43],"based":[44,79],"analytic":[46,162],"algorithms,":[47],"which":[48],"has":[49],"high":[50,136],"computational":[51],"complexity":[52,144],"difficult":[55],"to":[56,67,114,151],"meet":[57],"needs":[59],"large-scale":[61],"deployment":[62],"UDN.":[64],"In":[65,101],"order":[66],"reduce":[68],"complexity,":[70],"this":[71],"proposes":[73],"an":[74,89],"uplink":[75],"algorithm":[78,123,148],"multi-agent":[81],"reinforcement":[82],"learning":[83],"(MARL).":[84],"Each":[85],"user":[86],"acts":[87],"agent":[90],"all":[92],"users":[94],"interact":[95],"with":[96,160],"communication":[98],"environment":[99],"simultaneously.":[100],"MARL":[103],"framework":[104],"proposed":[107,122,147],"algorithm,":[108],"we":[109],"add":[110],"estimator":[113],"help":[115],"train":[116],"Q-network.":[117],"Simulation":[118],"results":[119],"show":[120],"performs":[124],"efficiently":[125],"term":[127],"well":[132],"maintaining":[134],"throughput":[138],"at":[139,155],"same":[141],"time.":[142],"proved":[150],"be":[152],"reduced":[153],"by":[154],"least":[156],"two":[157],"magnitudes":[158],"compared":[159],"algorithms.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}