{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3188694394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625544","title":"User Scheduling for Federated Learning Through Over-the-Air Computation","display_name":"User Scheduling for Federated Learning Through Over-the-Air Computation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3188694394","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625544","mag":"3188694394"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920794","display_name":"Xiang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0401-7101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068479157","display_name":"Haijian Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0680-147X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183533211","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Whitewater","ror":"https://ror.org/049hrzs50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183533211"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijian Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183533211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100337797","display_name":"Qun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-2727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057118326","display_name":"Rose Qingyang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-3631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rose Qingyang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0494,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89519031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8378982543945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.6636638641357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5845678448677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.495825856924057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4848271608352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.48167383670806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.4622488021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.44950070977211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44521456956863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3753790557384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25280171632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22862625122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.196291983127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16917884349822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.110248863697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09560245275497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.09053125977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8378982543945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.6636638641357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5845678448677063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.495825856924057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4848271608352661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.48167383670806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.4622488021850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.44950070977211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44521456956863403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3753790557384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25280171632766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22862625122070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.196291983127594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16917884349822998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.110248863697052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09560245275497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.09053125977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625544","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5880264516","display_name":"Collaborative Research: CNS Core: Small: Secure and Efficient Mobile Edge Computing in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks","funder_award_id":"2007995","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535838896","https://openalex.org/W2606891064","https://openalex.org/W2735500522","https://openalex.org/W2803956200","https://openalex.org/W2907379776","https://openalex.org/W2975156709","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W3027958081","https://openalex.org/W3038022836","https://openalex.org/W3047532379","https://openalex.org/W3091075746","https://openalex.org/W3101036738","https://openalex.org/W3126228234","https://openalex.org/W3126865700","https://openalex.org/W3140722389","https://openalex.org/W3204091362","https://openalex.org/W4297687186","https://openalex.org/W6759238902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548920894","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W2622442697","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4237468140","https://openalex.org/W2045308433","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W4313463218","https://openalex.org/W3106131444"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"new":[1],"machine":[2],"learning":[3,9,28,78],"(ML)":[4],"technique":[5],"termed":[6],"as":[7,134],"federated":[8],"(FL)":[10],"aims":[11],"to":[12,20,40,64,94,148],"preserve":[13],"data":[14,89,96],"at":[15],"the":[16,27,34,42,65,77,139,150,154,169,178,188],"edge":[17,61],"devices":[18,62,93],"and":[19,121,138],"only":[21,32],"exchange":[22],"ML":[23],"model":[24,73,142,172],"parameters":[25,74],"in":[26,76,106,177],"process.":[29,79],"FL":[30,46,107],"not":[31],"reduces":[33],"communication":[35,55],"needs":[36],"but":[37],"also":[38],"helps":[39],"protect":[41],"local":[43],"privacy.":[44],"Although":[45],"has":[47,174,187],"these":[48],"advantages,":[49],"it":[50],"can":[51],"still":[52],"experience":[53],"large":[54],"latency":[56],"when":[57],"there":[58],"are":[59,128],"massive":[60],"connected":[63],"central":[66],"parameter":[67],"server":[68],"(PS)":[69],"and/or":[70],"millions":[71],"of":[72,85,141,153,156,171],"involved":[75],"Over-the-air":[80],"computation":[81],"(AirComp)":[82],"is":[83,146],"capable":[84],"computing":[86],"while":[87,181],"transmitting":[88],"by":[90,98],"allowing":[91],"multiple":[92],"send":[95],"simultaneously":[97],"using":[99],"analog":[100],"modulation.":[101],"To":[102],"achieve":[103],"good":[104],"performance":[105],"through":[108],"AirComp,":[109],"user":[110,124],"scheduling":[111,125,166,182],"plays":[112],"a":[113],"critical":[114],"role.":[115],"In":[116],"this":[117],"paper,":[118],"we":[119],"investigate":[120],"compare":[122],"different":[123],"policies,":[126],"which":[127],"based":[129,167,183],"on":[130,168,184,190],"various":[131],"criteria":[132],"such":[133],"wireless":[135],"channel":[136,185],"conditions":[137],"significance":[140,170],"updates.":[143],"Receiver":[144],"beamforming":[145],"applied":[147],"minimize":[149],"mean-square-error":[151],"(MSE)":[152],"distortion":[155],"function":[157],"aggregation":[158],"result":[159],"via":[160],"AirComp.":[161],"Simulation":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"that":[165],"updates":[173],"smaller":[175],"fluctuations":[176],"training":[179],"process":[180],"condition":[186],"advantage":[189],"energy":[191],"efficiency.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}