{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200200072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625451","title":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enhanced Broadband OFDM Communication Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Enhanced Broadband OFDM Communication Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200200072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068079377","display_name":"Wenting Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenting Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112891561","display_name":"Yijian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-1854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767749","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Networks and Mobile Multimedia Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05cd55294","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, Shenzhen, China","ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Mobile Network and Mobile Multimedia Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265","https://openalex.org/I4391767749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100440589","display_name":"Jue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8013-0486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375264","display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-9053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pazhou Lab, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.934499979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subcarrier","display_name":"Subcarrier","score":0.8992304801940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8062882423400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7164077758789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6841647028923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6505028009414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6277468800544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.6145612001419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5492267608642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.517298698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4698604345321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4606601595878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43263378739356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4322246313095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2722325325012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18499931693077087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17023220658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.16304707527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15001782774925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07654806971549988}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198329298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586358","display_name":"Subcarrier","level":4,"score":0.8992304801940918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8062882423400879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7164077758789062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6841647028923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6505028009414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6277468800544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.6145612001419067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5492267608642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.517298698425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4698604345321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4606601595878601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43263378739356995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4322246313095093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2722325325012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18499931693077087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17023220658302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.16304707527160645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15001782774925232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07654806971549988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7159993774","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971126,61771264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344181355","https://openalex.org/W2547790726","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2951051330","https://openalex.org/W2963355537","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2964468371","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2995330189","https://openalex.org/W3001613668","https://openalex.org/W3005347223","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3021587675","https://openalex.org/W3081547270","https://openalex.org/W3100544904","https://openalex.org/W3101999018","https://openalex.org/W3108462255","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6729446454","https://openalex.org/W6782925680"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501039677","https://openalex.org/W3161598161","https://openalex.org/W2306672848","https://openalex.org/W2128552819","https://openalex.org/W2166250390","https://openalex.org/W2055131418","https://openalex.org/W4291701075","https://openalex.org/W4365807906","https://openalex.org/W2157864637","https://openalex.org/W4223416141"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,19,29,32,36,48,53,67,85,94,104],"downlink":[4],"OFDM":[5],"transmission":[6],"assisted":[7],"by":[8],"reconfigurable":[9],"intelligent":[10],"surface":[11],"(RIS).":[12],"With":[13],"single":[14],"antenna":[15],"implemented":[16],"at":[17],"both":[18],"base":[20],"station":[21],"(BS)":[22],"and":[23],"each":[24,44,76],"user,":[25],"we":[26,56],"focus":[27],"on":[28,43,75],"design":[30],"of":[31,98],"phase":[33,69],"shifts":[34],"for":[35],"RIS,":[37],"as":[38,40],"well":[39],"power":[41,74],"allocation":[42],"subcarrier":[45,77],"to":[46,65],"improve":[47],"spectrum":[49],"efficiency.":[50],"To":[51],"reduce":[52],"computation":[54,105],"delay,":[55],"propose":[57],"a":[58,91],"deep":[59],"reinforcement":[60],"learning":[61],"(DRL)":[62],"based":[63],"algorithm":[64],"optimize":[66],"RIS":[68],"shift":[70],"parameters,":[71],"while":[72,103],"allocating":[73],"via":[78],"water":[79],"filling.":[80],"Numerical":[81],"results":[82],"reveal":[83],"that":[84,97],"proposed":[86],"DRL-based":[87],"framework":[88],"can":[89,107],"achieve":[90],"performance":[92],"almost":[93],"same":[95],"with":[96],"successive":[99],"convex":[100],"approximation":[101],"(SCA),":[102],"delay":[106],"be":[108],"greatly":[109],"reduced.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}