{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200624369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625428","title":"Enhanced Game Theoretical Spectrum Sharing Method Based on Blockchain Consensus","display_name":"Enhanced Game Theoretical Spectrum Sharing Method Based on Blockchain Consensus","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200624369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038698194","display_name":"Peiyan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1631-7954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100693235","display_name":"Wenbin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7642-7279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087512013","display_name":"Wu Hualin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hualin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040889357","display_name":"Ke Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1543-6598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017351306","display_name":"Miao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1385-266X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7658805847167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.7384090423583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.7139620780944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5494120717048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5073229670524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4812588393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.46616774797439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.4239037334918976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4173218011856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4115540087223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35923486948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.295646607875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15068429708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14445817470550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12532618641853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.11794939637184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.10409587621688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10019850730895996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7658805847167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.7384090423583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.7139620780944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5494120717048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5073229670524597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4812588393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.46616774797439575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.4239037334918976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4173218011856079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4115540087223053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35923486948013306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.295646607875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15068429708480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14445817470550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12532618641853333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.11794939637184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.10409587621688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10019850730895996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G486828080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201707010283","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334898","funder_display_name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8102244628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936116,61801133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334898","display_name":"Guangzhou Science and Technology Program key projects","ror":"https://ror.org/00tjzgn92"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1829626298","https://openalex.org/W2081409107","https://openalex.org/W2107333151","https://openalex.org/W2127133891","https://openalex.org/W2143535483","https://openalex.org/W2156270936","https://openalex.org/W2170991283","https://openalex.org/W2909202584","https://openalex.org/W3003663149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2559261346","https://openalex.org/W4280609833","https://openalex.org/W4235820682","https://openalex.org/W185479762","https://openalex.org/W4312141693","https://openalex.org/W2103821767","https://openalex.org/W1969185016","https://openalex.org/W1536009559","https://openalex.org/W2111030377","https://openalex.org/W2037619003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,75],"limited":[1],"spectrum":[2,10,17,54,65,86,131],"resources":[3],"need":[4],"to":[5,41],"provide":[6],"safe":[7],"and":[8,59,91,98,109,135],"efficient":[9],"service":[11],"for":[12],"the":[13,22,26,30,43,53,83,101,111,114,123,128,145],"intensive":[14],"users.":[15],"Malicious":[16],"work":[18],"nodes":[19,66,132],"will":[20],"affect":[21],"normal":[23],"operation":[24],"of":[25,85,88,113,130],"entire":[27],"system.":[28],"Using":[29],"blockchain":[31],"model,":[32],"consensus":[33,44],"algorithm":[34,79],"Praft":[35,143],"based":[36],"on":[37,94,117],"optimized":[38],"Raft":[39],"is":[40,67,140],"solve":[42],"problem":[45,147],"in":[46,70],"Byzantine":[47,146],"environment.":[48],"Message":[49],"digital":[50],"signatures":[51],"give":[52],"node":[55],"some":[56],"fault":[57],"tolerance":[58],"tamper":[60],"resistance.":[61],"Spectrum":[62],"sharing":[63],"among":[64],"carried":[68],"out":[69],"combination":[71],"with":[72],"game":[73,77],"theory.":[74],"existing":[76],"theoretical":[78],"does":[80],"not":[81],"consider":[82],"influence":[84],"occupancy":[87],"primary":[89,95],"users":[90,93],"cognitive":[92],"users'":[96],"utility":[97],"enthusiasm":[99],"at":[100],"same":[102],"time.":[103],"We":[104],"elicits":[105],"a":[106,136],"reinforcement":[107,115],"factor":[108,116],"analyzes":[110],"effect":[112],"strategy":[118,125],"performance.":[119],"This":[120],"scheme":[121],"optimizes":[122],"previous":[124],"so":[126],"that":[127],"profits":[129],"are":[133],"improved":[134],"good":[137],"Nash":[138],"equilibrium":[139],"shown,":[141],"while":[142],"solves":[144],"left":[148],"by":[149],"Raft.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}