{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200403091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625388","title":"A Two-layer Collaborative Vehicle-Edge Intrusion Detection System for Vehicular Communications","display_name":"A Two-layer Collaborative Vehicle-Edge Intrusion Detection System for Vehicular Communications","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200403091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031701069","display_name":"Parya Haji Mirzaee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0198-8316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Parya Haji Mirzaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022893278","display_name":"Mohammad Shojafar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Shojafar","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066102938","display_name":"Hamidreza Bagheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4372-0281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamidreza Bagheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054561666","display_name":"Tsz Hin Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-6579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsz Hin Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027320121","display_name":"Haitham Cruickshank","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitham Cruickshank","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032549075","display_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6062-8639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahim Tafazolli","raw_affiliation_strings":["5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5G & 6G Innovation Centre (5GIC/6GIC), University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.747498631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7329680919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6066759824752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telematics","display_name":"Telematics","score":0.5249243378639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.520098090171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.49359118938446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4876660108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-layer","display_name":"Application layer","score":0.46967726945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4510667622089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4404556453227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.41176119446754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.37232711911201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.272865355014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15720024704933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1337960660457611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11196589469909668}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.747498631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7329680919647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6066759824752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89074322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485669","display_name":"Telematics","level":2,"score":0.5249243378639221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.520098090171814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.49359118938446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4876660108566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190793597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189768","display_name":"Application layer","level":3,"score":0.46967726945877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4510667622089386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4404556453227997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.41176119446754456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.37232711911201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.272865355014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15720024704933167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1337960660457611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11196589469909668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625388","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625388","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010364012","https://openalex.org/W2781593575","https://openalex.org/W2790544619","https://openalex.org/W2947416045","https://openalex.org/W2953448948","https://openalex.org/W2959120033","https://openalex.org/W2979202956","https://openalex.org/W2991507433","https://openalex.org/W3026549821","https://openalex.org/W3037175369","https://openalex.org/W3105105644","https://openalex.org/W3107811227","https://openalex.org/W3118521491","https://openalex.org/W3120195926","https://openalex.org/W3133408253","https://openalex.org/W3158350046","https://openalex.org/W6765116793","https://openalex.org/W6786508796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W28596303","https://openalex.org/W2075084475","https://openalex.org/W571717219","https://openalex.org/W2111119084","https://openalex.org/W2753549526","https://openalex.org/W2906361627","https://openalex.org/W2770474257","https://openalex.org/W3169289700","https://openalex.org/W2286386640","https://openalex.org/W790318456"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"increased":[1],"wireless":[2],"connectivity":[3,25],"and":[4,16,30,37,42,63,77,80,108,132],"embedded":[5],"sensors,":[6],"vehicles":[7],"are":[8],"becoming":[9],"more":[10],"intelligent,":[11],"offering":[12],"Internet":[13],"access,":[14],"telematics,":[15],"advanced":[17],"driver":[18],"assistance":[19],"systems.":[20,45],"Along":[21],"with":[22],"all":[23],"benefits,":[24],"to":[26,40,51,56,75,136],"the":[27,58,84,124],"public":[28],"network":[29],"automotive":[31],"control":[32],"systems":[33],"introduces":[34],"new":[35],"threats":[36],"security":[38,54,64],"risks":[39],"connected":[41],"autonomous":[43],"driving":[44],"Therefore,":[46],"it":[47],"is":[48,71],"highly":[49],"critical":[50],"design":[52],"robust":[53],"mechanisms":[55],"protect":[57],"system":[59,69],"from":[60],"potential":[61],"attacks":[62,79],"vulnerabilities.":[65],"An":[66],"intrusion":[67],"detection":[68,102,144],"(IDS)":[70],"a":[72,89,109,114,140],"promising":[73],"solution":[74,126],"detect":[76],"identify":[78],"malicious":[81],"behaviour":[82],"within":[83],"network.":[85],"This":[86],"paper":[87],"proposes":[88],"two-layer":[90],"IDS":[91,106,111],"mechanism":[92],"that":[93,123],"exploits":[94],"machine":[95],"learning":[96],"(ML)":[97],"solutions":[98],"for":[99],"collaborative":[100],"attack":[101],"between":[103],"an":[104],"on-vehicle":[105],"module":[107],"developed":[110],"platform":[112],"at":[113],"mobile":[115],"edge":[116],"computing":[117],"(MEC)":[118],"server.":[119],"The":[120],"results":[121],"illustrate":[122],"proposed":[125],"can":[127],"significantly":[128],"reduce":[129],"communication":[130],"latency":[131],"energy":[133],"consumption":[134],"up":[135],"80%":[137],"while":[138],"maintaining":[139],"high":[141],"level":[142],"of":[143],"accuracy.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}