{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200462662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625334","title":"Energy Efficiency Optimization for Hybrid NOMA based Beyond 5G Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Energy Efficiency Optimization for Hybrid NOMA based Beyond 5G Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200462662","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045807996","display_name":"Umar Ghafoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1661-4061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Umar Ghafoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091342650","display_name":"Mudassar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8402-5920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173207729","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Taxila","ror":"https://ror.org/03v00ka07","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mudassar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173207729"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054923571","display_name":"Humayun Zubair Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-5676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Humayun Zubair Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108583808","display_name":"Adil Masood Siddiqui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adil Masood Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738642","display_name":"Muhammad Naeem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9734-4608"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Naeem","raw_affiliation_strings":["COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah campus, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051478435","display_name":"Imran Rashid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8958-672X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imran Rashid","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045807996"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1637,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88163488,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.7342281937599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.69877028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6896471977233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5995473861694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5625112056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.5556285381317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5421678423881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4955953359603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.47987666726112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.4722278118133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4720614552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4624727964401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.45876187086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-programming","display_name":"Fractional programming","score":0.4306149482727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.41554421186447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3971497416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.274321585893631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.24277320504188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.2399405539035797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16660836338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.14310047030448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1386987864971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10381585359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.06834763288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.06608498096466064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.7342281937599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.69877028465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6896471977233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5995473861694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5625112056732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.5556285381317139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5421678423881531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4955953359603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.47987666726112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.4722278118133545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4720614552497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4624727964401245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.45876187086105347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169069869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5477546","display_name":"Fractional programming","level":4,"score":0.4306149482727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.41554421186447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3971497416496277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.274321585893631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.24277320504188538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2399405539035797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16660836338996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.14310047030448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1386987864971161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10381585359573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.06834763288497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.06608498096466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91290668","https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W2057338659","https://openalex.org/W2091364465","https://openalex.org/W2148622067","https://openalex.org/W2478188732","https://openalex.org/W2509070647","https://openalex.org/W2799319112","https://openalex.org/W2809668091","https://openalex.org/W2913934015","https://openalex.org/W2963626703","https://openalex.org/W2989312698","https://openalex.org/W3039637013","https://openalex.org/W3100532295","https://openalex.org/W3108842083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098636313","https://openalex.org/W2501085030","https://openalex.org/W2796688472","https://openalex.org/W1602942369","https://openalex.org/W2155081031","https://openalex.org/W1703408530","https://openalex.org/W2104962311","https://openalex.org/W2787792206","https://openalex.org/W2137476548","https://openalex.org/W2557525578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,111],"rising":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,113],"user":[4],"equipment":[5],"(UE)":[6],"and":[7,13,77,123],"advanced":[8],"applications":[9],"in":[10,37,50,64],"fifth-generation":[11,15],"(5G)":[12],"beyond":[14],"(B5G)":[16],"networks":[17,39],"need":[18],"energy-efficient":[19],"resource":[20],"allocation.":[21],"researchers":[23],"have":[24,82],"not":[25],"yet":[26],"considered":[27],"hybrid":[28],"nonorthogonal":[29],"multiple":[30],"access":[31],"(H-NOMA)":[32],"scheme":[33,46,116],"with":[34,47,68,97,128],"UE":[35,48,62,66,121,124],"clustering":[36,49],"heterogeneous":[38],"(HetNets).":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42],"investigates":[43],"downlink":[44],"H-NOMA":[45],"HetNets":[51],"to":[52],"maximize":[53],"energy":[54],"efficiency":[55],"(EE).":[56],"A":[57],"mathematical":[58],"optimization":[59,95],"problem":[60,91,96],"considers":[61],"admission":[63],"clusters,":[65],"association":[67,125],"base":[69],"stations":[70],"(BSs),":[71],"power":[72,79],"allocation,":[73],"the":[74,84,108,114,129],"minimum":[75],"rate,":[76],"transmit":[78],"requirements.":[80],"We":[81],"converted":[83],"formulated":[85,109],"non-linear":[86],"concave":[87,94],"fractional":[88],"programming":[89],"(CFP)":[90],"into":[92],"a":[93],"Charnes-Cooper":[98],"transformation":[99],"(CCT).":[100],"An":[101],"\u220a-optimal":[102],"outer":[103],"approximation":[104],"algorithm":[105],"(OAA)":[106],"solves":[107],"problem.":[110],"effectiveness":[112],"proposed":[115],"regarding":[117],"EE,":[118],"network":[119],"throughput,":[120],"admission,":[122],"is":[126],"shown":[127],"simulation":[130],"results.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
