{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200285632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625229","title":"True-Time-Delay-Based Fast Beam Training for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems","display_name":"True-Time-Delay-Based Fast Beam Training for Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200285632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003201141","display_name":"Liang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-4870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083154213","display_name":"Takashi Dateki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2252096349","display_name":"Fujitsu (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/038e2g226","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Dateki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujitsu Limited, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003201141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2252096349"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8655,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64915584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7712509632110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6587669849395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.630484938621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6213414669036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-time-delay","display_name":"True time delay","score":0.6065872311592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5942916870117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5698491334915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.5666237473487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5287439823150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.5116658210754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.45491647720336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.42360052466392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.33233433961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2721112370491028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22119638323783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1556803286075592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1531776785850525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7712509632110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6587669849395752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.630484938621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6213414669036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"True time delay","level":4,"score":0.6065872311592102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5942916870117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5698491334915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.5666237473487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5287439823150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.5116658210754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.45491647720336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.42360052466392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.33233433961868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2721112370491028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22119638323783875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1556803286075592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1531776785850525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2021-fall52928.2021.9625229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607774","display_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE 94th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2021-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1555945676","https://openalex.org/W2021404768","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2555593130","https://openalex.org/W2567050201","https://openalex.org/W2766305950","https://openalex.org/W2993361693","https://openalex.org/W3008131863","https://openalex.org/W3011676575","https://openalex.org/W3035324304","https://openalex.org/W3036205014","https://openalex.org/W3046022147","https://openalex.org/W3081731603","https://openalex.org/W3104196352","https://openalex.org/W3127477746","https://openalex.org/W6782515790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2763395582","https://openalex.org/W1572523746","https://openalex.org/W1989454727","https://openalex.org/W2354576673","https://openalex.org/W2147393262","https://openalex.org/W4290716467","https://openalex.org/W2071664861","https://openalex.org/W2391416009","https://openalex.org/W2125200416","https://openalex.org/W2363616626"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave":[0],"(mmWave)":[1],"communications":[2],"rely":[3],"on":[4,87],"beamforming":[5],"gain":[6],"for":[7,70],"both":[8,71],"transmitters":[9],"(TX)":[10],"and":[11,32,42,58,73,132],"receivers":[12],"(RX)":[13],"to":[14,28,108],"overcome":[15],"high":[16],"propagation":[17,30],"loss.":[18],"To":[19,48],"achieve":[20,126],"adequate":[21],"array":[22],"gain,":[23],"beam":[24,51,75,82,111,123,134],"training":[25,52,92,141],"is":[26,36],"required":[27],"identify":[29],"directions":[31,112],"reduce":[33],"interferences,":[34],"which":[35],"one":[37,101],"of":[38,130,145],"the":[39,90,118],"most":[40],"important":[41],"challenging":[43],"tasks":[44],"in":[45,84,100],"mmWave":[46],"communications.":[47],"avoid":[49],"prohibitive":[50],"overhead":[53],"with":[54,94,121],"large":[55],"antenna":[56,147],"arrays":[57,78,148],"narrow":[59],"beams,":[60],"this":[61,88],"paper":[62],"presents":[63],"two":[64],"fast":[65],"true-time-delay":[66],"(TTD)":[67],"arrays-based":[68],"algorithms":[69,93,120],"TX":[72,131],"RX":[74,133],"training.":[76],"TTD":[77,95],"can":[79,125],"provide":[80],"frequency-dependent":[81],"steering":[83],"parallel.":[85],"Based":[86],"fact,":[89],"proposed":[91,119],"architecture":[96],"use":[97],"different":[98,110],"subcarriers":[99],"orthogonal":[102],"frequency":[103],"division":[104],"multiplexing":[105],"(OFDM)":[106],"symbol":[107],"steer":[109],"simultaneously.":[113],"Simulation":[114],"results":[115],"show":[116],"that":[117],"multiple":[122],"candidates":[124],"a":[127],"high-accuracy":[128],"estimation":[129],"patterns":[135],"while":[136],"requiring":[137],"an":[138],"order-of-magnitude":[139],"fewer":[140],"symbols":[142],"than":[143],"those":[144],"phased":[146],"(PAA).":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
