{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039742063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129208","title":"Repeatable Simulation for Highly Automated Driving Development and Testing","display_name":"Repeatable Simulation for Highly Automated Driving Development and Testing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039742063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129208","mag":"3039742063"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129208","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046455233","display_name":"Wojciech Baron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9767-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wojciech Baron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Networks and Communication Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Networks and Communication Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088036308","display_name":"Christoph Sippl","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Sippl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pre-development of Automated Driving, Audi AG"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pre-development of Automated Driving, Audi AG","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069787228","display_name":"Kai-Steffen Hielscher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2051-0660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Steffen Hielscher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Networks and Communication Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Networks and Communication Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102836787","display_name":"Reinhard German","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-4802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181369854","display_name":"Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","ror":"https://ror.org/00f7hpc57","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard German","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Networks and Communication Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Networks and Communication Systems, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046455233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181369854"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0771,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7980872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7408924698829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7348647117614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.6628230810165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5712441802024841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinism","display_name":"Determinism","score":0.5536518692970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupling","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","score":0.5121936202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.5022008419036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.500774621963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4829927682876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.4396592378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4362362027168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/driving-simulator","display_name":"Driving simulator","score":0.433106929063797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.42929524183273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.35511070489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.32512223720550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14924874901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11372128129005432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7408924698829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7348647117614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.6628230810165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5712441802024841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192183473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131133","display_name":"Determinism","level":2,"score":0.5536518692970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5121936202049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.5022008419036865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.500774621963501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4829927682876587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4396592378616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4362362027168274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081815","display_name":"Driving simulator","level":2,"score":0.433106929063797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.42929524183273315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.35511070489883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.32512223720550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14924874901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11372128129005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129208","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129208","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508143344","https://openalex.org/W1571055979","https://openalex.org/W2002998534","https://openalex.org/W2029227151","https://openalex.org/W2076857855","https://openalex.org/W2080988723","https://openalex.org/W2091590079","https://openalex.org/W2096392410","https://openalex.org/W2098931293","https://openalex.org/W2107892091","https://openalex.org/W2114168752","https://openalex.org/W2116098036","https://openalex.org/W2123990187","https://openalex.org/W2153154015","https://openalex.org/W2159815393","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2203180204","https://openalex.org/W2345709169","https://openalex.org/W2507826579","https://openalex.org/W2523030536","https://openalex.org/W2556092427","https://openalex.org/W2587164931","https://openalex.org/W2769918695","https://openalex.org/W2783642083","https://openalex.org/W2790223011","https://openalex.org/W2891362535","https://openalex.org/W2892809542","https://openalex.org/W2894305038","https://openalex.org/W2901136733","https://openalex.org/W2911095545","https://openalex.org/W2914537899","https://openalex.org/W2953412990","https://openalex.org/W3140892075","https://openalex.org/W3145607865","https://openalex.org/W3194824284","https://openalex.org/W4235795568","https://openalex.org/W4237680622","https://openalex.org/W4239872375","https://openalex.org/W4245779357","https://openalex.org/W4297816187","https://openalex.org/W6682315112","https://openalex.org/W6733309590","https://openalex.org/W6755492423","https://openalex.org/W6756486208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122524456","https://openalex.org/W2480576757","https://openalex.org/W2375512239","https://openalex.org/W2064696082","https://openalex.org/W2795587724","https://openalex.org/W2371594944","https://openalex.org/W1951127287","https://openalex.org/W2153545578","https://openalex.org/W2501350337","https://openalex.org/W106535236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33,48,122,143],"development":[1],"and":[2,14,27,46,90,112,131,153],"testing":[3],"of":[4,35,42,104],"automated":[5,21,59,87,110],"driving":[6,22,60,88,111,129],"functions":[7],"in":[8,29,106,160],"the":[9,36,40,58,63,86,150],"real":[10],"world":[11],"is":[12,23,50,75],"costly":[13],"time-consuming.":[15],"For":[16],"this":[17],"reason,":[18],"software":[19],"for":[20,79,91,109],"at":[24],"first":[25],"developed":[26],"tested":[28],"a":[30,51,54,76,114,134],"virtual":[31,37,64],"environment.":[32],"provision":[34],"environment":[38],"requires":[39],"coupling":[41,116,136],"several":[43],"simulation":[44,151,158],"tools":[45],"models.":[47],"result":[49],"co-simulation":[52,107],"with":[53],"feedback":[55],"loop":[56],"from":[57],"function":[61,89],"to":[62,81,84,93,96,133,149],"environment,":[65],"that":[66,118,138],"does":[67],"not":[68],"necessarily":[69],"exhibit":[70],"deterministic":[71],"behavior.":[72],"However,":[73],"determinism":[74],"desirable":[77],"property":[78],"developers":[80],"be":[82,94],"able":[83,95],"analyze":[85],"testers":[92],"implement":[97],"test":[98],"automation.":[99],"This":[100],"paper":[101],"identifies":[102],"sources":[103],"non-determinism":[105],"setups":[108],"proposes":[113],"master-less":[115],"approach":[117,145],"allows":[119],"repeatable":[120,157],"executions.":[121],"results":[123,159],"are":[124],"demonstrated":[125],"using":[126],"an":[127],"exemplary":[128],"scenario":[130],"compared":[132],"traditional":[135],"method":[137],"uses":[139],"physical":[140],"clock":[141],"synchronization.":[142],"presented":[144],"adds":[146],"some":[147],"overhead":[148],"modeling":[152],"execution,":[154],"but":[155],"ensures":[156],"any":[161],"case.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}