{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039162068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129001","title":"Spectrum Occupancy Prediction Exploiting Time and Frequency Correlations Through 2D-LSTM","display_name":"Spectrum Occupancy Prediction Exploiting Time and Frequency Correlations Through 2D-LSTM","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039162068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129001","mag":"3039162068"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025165774","display_name":"Mehmet Ali Ayg\u00fcl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1797-8238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125470973","display_name":"Istanbul Medipol University","ror":"https://ror.org/037jwzz50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Ali Aygul","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066904836","display_name":"Mahmoud Nazzal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3375-0310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125470973","display_name":"Istanbul Medipol University","ror":"https://ror.org/037jwzz50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Nazzal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001803438","display_name":"Ali R\u0131za Ekti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-0374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Riza Ekti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Gebze, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Gebze, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070377724","display_name":"Ali G\u00f6r\u00e7in","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141511","display_name":"TUBITAK BILGEM","ror":"https://ror.org/057kvja37","country_code":"TR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Gorcin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Gebze, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Informatics and Information Security Research Center (B\u0130LGEM), T\u00dcB\u0130TAK, Gebze, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021191255","display_name":"Daniel Benevides da Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5439-7475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Benevides da Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Sobral, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Federal University of Ceara (UFC), Sobral, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004267367","display_name":"Hasan F. Ate\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6842-1528"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125470973","display_name":"Istanbul Medipol University","ror":"https://ror.org/037jwzz50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan Fehmi Ates","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042730077","display_name":"H\u00fcseyin Arslan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-7372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125470973","display_name":"Istanbul Medipol University","ror":"https://ror.org/037jwzz50","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huseyin Arslan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125470973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88832528,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6903495192527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.603473424911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.6026443243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","score":0.5839723348617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5601680874824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5554563999176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5485497713088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.519668698310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4772510230541229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.46514642238616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time\u2013frequency-analysis","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","score":0.4424845278263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.42965278029441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.4106632471084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3745339512825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36609649658203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.27397674322128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15679574012756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14403852820396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.10943907499313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10045996308326721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6903495192527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.603473424911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.6026443243026733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156778621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365748","display_name":"Spectrum (functional analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5839723348617554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5601680874824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5554563999176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5485497713088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.519668698310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4772510230541229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.46514642238616943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.4424845278263092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42965278029441833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.4106632471084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3745339512825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36609649658203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27397674322128296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15679574012756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14403852820396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.10943907499313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10045996308326721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9129001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972835433","https://openalex.org/W1987300417","https://openalex.org/W1987615181","https://openalex.org/W1989883996","https://openalex.org/W2022002249","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2071707134","https://openalex.org/W2101006708","https://openalex.org/W2124428301","https://openalex.org/W2169061815","https://openalex.org/W2169223481","https://openalex.org/W2561765031","https://openalex.org/W2791957678","https://openalex.org/W2795250443","https://openalex.org/W2885642955","https://openalex.org/W2939757977","https://openalex.org/W2963675923","https://openalex.org/W2963895067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2236567279","https://openalex.org/W4225341666","https://openalex.org/W2188389332","https://openalex.org/W3046087850","https://openalex.org/W1988869880","https://openalex.org/W185479762","https://openalex.org/W3161816731","https://openalex.org/W2224800885","https://openalex.org/W1947057263","https://openalex.org/W2355447608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"identification":[1],"of":[2,60,113,136],"spectrum":[3,11,34,41,108,125],"opportunities":[4,26],"is":[5,43],"a":[6,20,47,81,93,103,128],"pivotal":[7],"requirement":[8],"for":[9,23],"efficient":[10],"utilization":[12],"in":[13,111,140],"cognitive":[14],"radio":[15],"systems.":[16],"Spectrum":[17],"prediction":[18,42,109],"offers":[19],"convenient":[21],"means":[22],"revealing":[24],"such":[25],"based":[27],"on":[28],"the":[29,67,123,137],"previously":[30],"obtained":[31],"occupancies.":[32],"As":[33],"occupancy":[35],"states":[36],"are":[37,120],"correlated":[38],"over":[39,70,88,106,122],"time,":[40],"often":[44],"cast":[45],"as":[46],"predictable":[48],"time-series":[49],"process":[50],"using":[51],"classical":[52],"or":[53],"deep":[54],"learning-based":[55],"models.":[56],"However,":[57],"this":[58,73],"variety":[59],"methods":[61,110],"exploits":[62],"time-domain":[63],"correlation":[64,69,87],"and":[65,90,115],"overlooks":[66],"existing":[68],"frequency.":[71],"In":[72],"paper,":[74],"differently":[75],"from":[76],"previous":[77],"works,":[78],"we":[79],"investigate":[80],"more":[82],"realistic":[83],"scenario":[84],"by":[85],"exploiting":[86],"time":[89],"frequency":[91,129],"through":[92],"2D-long":[94],"short-term":[95],"memory":[96],"(LSTM)":[97],"model.":[98],"Extensive":[99],"experimental":[100],"results":[101],"show":[102],"performance":[104],"improvement":[105],"conventional":[107],"terms":[112],"accuracy":[114],"computational":[116],"complexity.":[117],"These":[118],"observations":[119],"validated":[121],"real-world":[124],"measurements,":[126],"assuming":[127],"range":[130],"between":[131],"832-862":[132],"MHz":[133],"where":[134],"most":[135],"telecom":[138],"operators":[139],"Turkey":[141],"have":[142],"private":[143],"uplink":[144],"bands.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
