{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3038451588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128942","title":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Few-bit ADCs/DACs: AQNM versus Bussgang","display_name":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO with Few-bit ADCs/DACs: AQNM versus Bussgang","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3038451588","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128942","mag":"3038451588"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075509135","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4496-2650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037879539","display_name":"Haotong Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8916-8093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haotong Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042381553","display_name":"Meng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0814-0457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031848335","display_name":"Xu Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5178-3899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006385807","display_name":"Shengchen Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengchen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059710405","display_name":"Longxiang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-0177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxiang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Wireless Communication Key Lab of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing,P. R. China,210003","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.8833156228065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7941834926605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6077013611793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6045450568199158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.548882246017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5203484892845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.495990127325058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38747167587280273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.33782196044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3340104818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3010539412498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13001057505607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1282222867012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09969884157180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07294777035713196}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.8833156228065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7941834926605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6077013611793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6045450568199158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.548882246017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5203484892845154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.495990127325058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38747167587280273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.33782196044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3340104818344116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3010539412498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13001057505607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1282222867012024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09969884157180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07294777035713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-spring48590.2020.9128942","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 91st Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Spring)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W2262641688","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2557668865","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2597206177","https://openalex.org/W2884911846","https://openalex.org/W2889130186","https://openalex.org/W2959566182","https://openalex.org/W2962123958","https://openalex.org/W2981306253","https://openalex.org/W2990443221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1894989690","https://openalex.org/W1859423146","https://openalex.org/W2916697929","https://openalex.org/W3199079512","https://openalex.org/W4287267851","https://openalex.org/W2762772172","https://openalex.org/W4300518484","https://openalex.org/W3200795274","https://openalex.org/W2990443221","https://openalex.org/W1967753911"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,83],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,38,65],"consider":[4],"a":[5,40],"downlink":[6],"cell-free":[7],"massive":[8],"multi-input":[9],"multi-output":[10],"(mMIMO)":[11],"system,":[12],"assuming":[13],"few-bit":[14,92],"analog-digital":[15],"converters":[16,20],"(ADCs)":[17],"and":[18,56,79],"digital-analog":[19],"(DACs)":[21],"are":[22],"implemented":[23],"at":[24],"the":[25,31,49,52,62,68,72,77,80,85,95,103,107,120,124,128,135,138],"access":[26],"points":[27],"(APs).":[28],"Leveraging":[29],"on":[30],"linear":[32],"additive":[33],"quantization":[34,54,74,93,101,105],"noise":[35],"model":[36],"(AQNM),":[37],"derive":[39],"tight":[41],"approximate":[42],"rate":[43,125],"expression,":[44],"which":[45],"provides":[46],"insights":[47],"into":[48],"impacts":[50],"of":[51,137],"imperfect":[53],"error":[55],"channel":[57],"estimation":[58],"error.":[59],"Thanks":[60],"to":[61,112,134],"trackable":[63],"result,":[64],"quantitatively":[66],"compare":[67],"performance":[69,126],"differences":[70],"between":[71],"two":[73],"models,":[75],"namely":[76],"AQNM":[78,86],"Bussgang":[81,96,108,129],"theorem.":[82],"particular,":[84],"can":[87],"offer":[88],"analytical":[89],"tractability":[90],"for":[91],"while":[94],"theorem":[97,109,130],"only":[98],"characterizes":[99],"1-bit":[100,122],"since":[102],"multi-bit":[104],"under":[106,119],"is":[110,131],"difficult":[111],"deal":[113],"with.":[114],"Simulation":[115],"results":[116],"show":[117],"that":[118],"same":[121],"quantization,":[123],"with":[127],"roughly":[132],"identical":[133],"case":[136],"AQNM.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}