{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3131608694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348715","title":"Beam AoD-based Indoor Positioning for 60 GHz MmWave System","display_name":"Beam AoD-based Indoor Positioning for 60 GHz MmWave System","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3131608694","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348715","mag":"3131608694"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050683159","display_name":"Tsung-Ting Tsai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsung-Ting Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019371571","display_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101437262","display_name":"Chun-Jie Chiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4040-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Jie Chiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020169858","display_name":"Kai\u2010Ten Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2781-8449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Ten Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7647411823272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7084305286407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.680202066898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5519897937774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5340712666511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5037726759910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47336527705192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4514535665512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.4496304988861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.43241164088249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.42317235469818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ray-tracing","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","score":0.42179369926452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40390366315841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25410783290863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17803964018821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.16232621669769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.13494154810905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11105239391326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08887037634849548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7647411823272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7084305286407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.680202066898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5519897937774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5340712666511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5037726759910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47336527705192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4514535665512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.4496304988861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.43241164088249207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.42317235469818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121483023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7298343","display_name":"Ray tracing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42179369926452637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40390366315841675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25410783290863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17803964018821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.16232621669769287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.13494154810905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11105239391326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08887037634849548}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vtc2020-fall49728.2020.9348715","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE 92nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2020-Fall)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309618","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02b207r52"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311649","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/036nq5137"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540292816","https://openalex.org/W1977325654","https://openalex.org/W2034176365","https://openalex.org/W2076314006","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2144609823","https://openalex.org/W2156351559","https://openalex.org/W2277860444","https://openalex.org/W2296150501","https://openalex.org/W2297064387","https://openalex.org/W2343842388","https://openalex.org/W2527530399","https://openalex.org/W2534039752","https://openalex.org/W2542368563","https://openalex.org/W2613800419","https://openalex.org/W2745203826","https://openalex.org/W2786537319","https://openalex.org/W2908203351","https://openalex.org/W6632394379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2387147530","https://openalex.org/W2373011076","https://openalex.org/W1532762289","https://openalex.org/W253109491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"is":[3,52],"capable":[4],"of":[5,47,50,98],"supporting":[6],"ultra-high":[7],"system":[8],"performance":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,33,41],"its":[12],"spatial":[13],"diversity":[14],"from":[15,106],"directional":[16],"transmission":[17,51],"techniques":[18],"in":[19],"fifth":[20],"generation":[21],"(5G)":[22],"wireless":[23],"networks.":[24],"Improved":[25],"by":[26],"the":[27,145],"beamforming,":[28],"mmWave":[29,78,123],"could":[30,143],"be":[31],"applied":[32],"potentially":[34],"achieve":[35,144],"more":[36],"accurate":[37],"indoor":[38,75,118],"positioning.":[39,76],"Due":[40],"impermeability":[42],"and":[43,68,101,116,127],"high":[44],"path":[45],"loss":[46],"mmWave,":[48],"most":[49],"operated":[53],"under":[54,87],"line-of-sight":[55],"(LoS)":[56],"conditions.":[57,89],"In":[58],"this":[59],"paper,":[60],"we":[61],"propose":[62],"beam-based":[63],"midline":[64],"intersection":[65],"positioning":[66,72,86,119,141],"(BMIP)":[67],"advanced":[69],"beam":[70],"scaling":[71],"(ABSP)":[73],"for":[74,84],"Two":[77],"access":[79],"points":[80],"(APs)":[81],"are":[82],"employed":[83],"performing":[85],"LoS":[88],"The":[90,135],"user":[91],"equipment":[92],"(UE)":[93],"will":[94],"receive":[95],"downlink":[96],"information":[97],"angle-of-departure":[99],"(AoD)":[100],"corresponding":[102],"signal-to-noise-ratio":[103],"(SNR)":[104],"values":[105],"two":[107],"APs,":[108],"respectively.":[109],"We":[110],"have":[111],"evaluated":[112],"our":[113,139],"proposed":[114,140],"BMIP":[115],"ABSP":[117],"algorithms":[120,142],"via":[121],"both":[122],"ray-tracing":[124],"based":[125],"simulation":[126],"experimental":[128],"implementation":[129],"using":[130],"commercialized":[131],"60":[132],"GHz":[133],"transceivers.":[134],"results":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"that":[138],"centimeter-level":[146],"estimation":[147],"errors.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
