{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967966692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798027","title":"Pupil Center Detection Based on the UNet for the User Interaction in VR and AR Environments","display_name":"Pupil Center Detection Based on the UNet for the User Interaction in VR and AR Environments","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967966692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798027","mag":"2967966692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2019.8798027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101812707","display_name":"Sang Yoon Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-724X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802457231","display_name":"New Generation University College","ror":"https://ror.org/015aem925","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802457231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123907","display_name":"National University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02hs8e066","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123907"]}],"countries":["ET","KR","PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Yoon Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of ECE Seoul National Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of ECE Seoul National Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802457231","https://openalex.org/I4210123907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083360792","display_name":"Yoonsik Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-8278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802457231","display_name":"New Generation University College","ror":"https://ror.org/015aem925","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802457231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123907","display_name":"National University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02hs8e066","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123907"]}],"countries":["ET","KR","PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoonsik Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of ECE Seoul National Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of ECE Seoul National Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802457231","https://openalex.org/I4210123907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651319","display_name":"Sang Hwa Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4959-5194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Hwa Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of ECE, INMC Seoul National Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of ECE, INMC Seoul National Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055171648","display_name":"Nam Ik Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5297-4649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802457231","display_name":"New Generation University College","ror":"https://ror.org/015aem925","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802457231"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123907","display_name":"National University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02hs8e066","country_code":"PR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123907"]}],"countries":["ET","KR","PR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam Ik Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of ECE Seoul National Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of ECE Seoul National Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802457231","https://openalex.org/I4210123907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2147,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79972411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"958","last_page":"959"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pupil","display_name":"Pupil","score":0.8745322227478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8263571262359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7639831304550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7252877354621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.523963451385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48109859228134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center","display_name":"Center (category theory)","score":0.4392453134059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41544046998023987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777394604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173318","display_name":"Pupil","level":2,"score":0.8745322227478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8263571262359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7639831304550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7252877354621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.523963451385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48109859228134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779463800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062222","display_name":"Center (category theory)","level":2,"score":0.4392453134059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41544046998023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2019.8798027","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8798027","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/186965","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10371/186965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401345","display_name":"Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2107956149","https://openalex.org/W2177921452","https://openalex.org/W2256808982","https://openalex.org/W2295566235","https://openalex.org/W2772370228","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6676453642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2541791370","https://openalex.org/W2035976912","https://openalex.org/W4385415357","https://openalex.org/W3094187672","https://openalex.org/W2921707373","https://openalex.org/W2767651786","https://openalex.org/W2912288872","https://openalex.org/W276445467","https://openalex.org/W564581980","https://openalex.org/W2161834109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Finding":[0],"the":[1,10,15,30,36,41,50,55,65,79,100,107,113],"location":[2],"of":[3,29,52,54,82,95],"a":[4,45,61,93],"pupil":[5,42,66,80],"center":[6,51],"is":[7],"important":[8],"for":[9,14,35],"human-computer":[11],"interaction":[12],"especially":[13],"user":[16],"interface":[17],"in":[18],"AR/VR":[19],"devices.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,59],"propose":[25],"an":[26],"indirect":[27],"use":[28],"convolutional":[31],"neural":[32],"network":[33],"(CNN)":[34],"task,":[37],"which":[38],"first":[39],"segments":[40],"region":[43,81],"by":[44,63],"CNN,":[46],"and":[47,88],"then":[48],"finds":[49],"mass":[53],"region.":[56],"For":[57],"this,":[58],"create":[60],"dataset":[62],"labeling":[64],"area":[67],"on":[68,92],"111,581":[69],"images":[70],"from":[71],"29":[72],"IR":[73],"video":[74],"sequences.":[75],"We":[76],"also":[77],"label":[78],"widely":[83],"used":[84],"datasets":[85],"to":[86,112],"test":[87],"validate":[89],"our":[90],"method":[91,102],"variety":[94],"inputs.":[96],"Experiments":[97],"show":[98],"that":[99],"proposed":[101],"provides":[103],"better":[104],"accuracies":[105],"than":[106],"conventional":[108],"ones,":[109],"showing":[110],"robustness":[111],"noise.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}