{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967994755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8797924","title":"Tracking-Tolerant Visual Cryptography","display_name":"Tracking-Tolerant Visual Cryptography","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967994755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8797924","mag":"2967994755"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2019.8797924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8797924","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001822106","display_name":"Ruofei Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-9776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruofei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001851740","display_name":"Eric Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7166-0909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086440196","display_name":"Amitabh Varshney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-2212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amitabh Varshney","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, MD, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07668446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"902","last_page":"903"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8013002276420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.7669094800949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.7369505763053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cryptography","display_name":"Visual cryptography","score":0.7214996814727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6394278407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5988107919692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5594627857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5576194524765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5411043167114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.4782770574092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4354126453399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.41828033328056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.37237170338630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.370391309261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33602800965309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.2162783145904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-sharing","display_name":"Secret sharing","score":0.15958794951438904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8013002276420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.7669094800949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.7369505763053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1597418","display_name":"Visual cryptography","level":4,"score":0.7214996814727783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6394278407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5988107919692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5594627857208252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5576194524765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5411043167114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.4782770574092865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4354126453399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.41828033328056335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.37237170338630676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.370391309261322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33602800965309143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2162783145904541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.15958794951438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2019.8797924","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2019.8797924","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6100000143051147,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1467377467","https://openalex.org/W1528110284","https://openalex.org/W1987221145","https://openalex.org/W2016243271","https://openalex.org/W2016928660","https://openalex.org/W2112736324","https://openalex.org/W2122975390","https://openalex.org/W2123180460","https://openalex.org/W2155907478","https://openalex.org/W2565952052","https://openalex.org/W2913419753","https://openalex.org/W2941918768","https://openalex.org/W2963382833","https://openalex.org/W6628733887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2155789024","https://openalex.org/W2315668284","https://openalex.org/W3213608175","https://openalex.org/W2109491806","https://openalex.org/W3117675750","https://openalex.org/W2141743053","https://openalex.org/W2037276323","https://openalex.org/W3095633856","https://openalex.org/W2058044441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,134],"introduce":[1],"a":[2,33,37,63,67,76,89,147],"novel":[3],"secure":[4],"display":[5,69],"system,":[6],"which":[7],"uses":[8,32,42],"visual":[9,50,163],"cryptography":[10,164],"[4]":[11],"with":[12],"tolerance":[13],"for":[14,49],"tracking.":[15,173],"Our":[16,150],"system":[17,41,116],"brings":[18],"cryptographic":[19],"privacy":[20],"from":[21],"text":[22],"to":[23,101,112,119,165,172],"virtual":[24,78],"worlds":[25],"[3].":[26],"Much":[27],"like":[28],"traditional":[29,68],"encryption":[30],"that":[31,45],"public":[34,56],"key":[35],"and":[36,131],"private":[38,83],"key,":[39],"our":[40,115],"two":[43],"images":[44],"are":[46],"both":[47,108],"necessary":[48],"decryption":[51],"of":[52,138,168],"the":[53,81,97,104,136,153,157,162],"data.":[54],"The":[55],"image":[57,84,155],"could":[58],"be":[59,86,166],"widely":[60],"shared":[61],"on":[62,66,88],"printed":[64],"page,":[65],"(desktop,":[70],"tablet,":[71],"or":[72,74,93,143],"smartphone),":[73],"in":[75,128],"multi-participant":[77],"world,":[79],"while":[80],"other":[82],"can":[85],"exclusively":[87],"user's":[90],"personal":[91],"AR":[92,132],"VR":[94,130],"display.":[95],"Only":[96],"recipient":[98],"is":[99,117],"able":[100,118],"visually":[102],"decrypt":[103],"data":[105],"by":[106,141],"fusing":[107],"images.":[109],"In":[110],"contrast":[111],"prior":[113],"art,":[114],"provide":[120],"tracking":[121],"tolerance,":[122],"making":[123],"it":[124],"more":[125],"practically":[126],"usable":[127],"modern":[129],"systems.":[133],"model":[135],"probability":[137],"misalignment":[139],"caused":[140],"head":[142],"body":[144],"jitter":[145],"as":[146],"Gaussian":[148],"distribution.":[149],"algorithm":[151],"diffuses":[152],"second":[154],"using":[156],"normalized":[158],"probabilities,":[159],"thus":[160],"enabling":[161],"tolerant":[167],"alignment":[169],"errors":[170],"due":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}