{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2150059981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2011.5759491","title":"FAAST: The Flexible Action and Articulated Skeleton Toolkit","display_name":"FAAST: The Flexible Action and Articulated Skeleton Toolkit","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2150059981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2011.5759491","mag":"2150059981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2011.5759491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2011.5759491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113532305","display_name":"Evan A. Suma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan A. Suma","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024466066","display_name":"Belinda Lange","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2330-2699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Belinda Lange","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005096959","display_name":"Albert Rizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-7731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Skip Rizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070551319","display_name":"David M. Krum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1051-5385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482679","display_name":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/03hjhvn29","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Krum","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC Institute for Creative Technologies, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I4388482679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026406688","display_name":"Mark Bolas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Bolas","raw_affiliation_strings":["USC School of Cinematic Arts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USC School of Cinematic Arts, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":200,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"247","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12290","display_name":"Human Motion and Animation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8317574262619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6838975548744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.6283257007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.6155433654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.4843905568122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.30766183137893677}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8317574262619019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6838975548744202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.6283257007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6155433654785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.4843905568122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.30766183137893677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2011.5759491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2011.5759491","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099431574","https://openalex.org/W2156880591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3138471234","https://openalex.org/W4247958311","https://openalex.org/W4396832849","https://openalex.org/W1584662471","https://openalex.org/W2785089443","https://openalex.org/W4290188422","https://openalex.org/W3196465490","https://openalex.org/W2167654528","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,134],"Flexible":[1],"Action":[2],"and":[3,20,30,58,95,101,136,150,158,175,179],"Articulated":[4],"Skeleton":[5],"Toolkit":[6],"(FAAST)":[7],"is":[8],"middleware":[9],"to":[10,98,107,128,146,152,165],"facilitate":[11],"integration":[12],"of":[13],"full-body":[14],"control":[15],"with":[16],"virtual":[17,55,74,99],"reality":[18,56],"applications":[19,57],"video":[21,121],"games":[22,122],"using":[23,184],"OpenNI-compliant":[24],"depth":[25],"sensors":[26],"(currently":[27],"the":[28,31,41,83,108,144,148,161],"PrimeSensor":[29],"Microsoft":[32],"Kinect).":[33],"FAAST":[34,113],"incorporates":[35],"a":[36,46,50,73,87],"VRPN":[37],"server":[38],"for":[39,53,67,118,154,173],"streaming":[40],"user's":[42],"skeleton":[43],"joints":[44],"over":[45],"network,":[47],"which":[48,104],"provides":[49,86],"convenient":[51],"interface":[52],"custom":[54,177],"games.":[59],"This":[60],"body":[61,156],"pose":[62],"information":[63],"can":[64,114],"be":[65],"used":[66],"goals":[68],"such":[69],"as":[70],"realistically":[71],"puppeting":[72],"avatar":[75],"or":[76],"controlling":[77],"an":[78],"on-screen":[79],"mouse":[80,100],"cursor.":[81],"Additionally,":[82],"toolkit":[84],"also":[85],"configurable":[88,140],"input":[89,130,137],"emulator":[90],"that":[91,123],"detects":[92],"human":[93],"actions":[94,135],"binds":[96],"them":[97],"keyboard":[102],"commands,":[103],"are":[105,139],"sent":[106],"actively":[109],"selected":[110],"window.":[111],"Thus,":[112],"enable":[115],"natural":[116],"interaction":[117],"existing":[119],"off-the-shelf":[120],"were":[124],"not":[125],"explicitly":[126],"developed":[127],"support":[129,172],"from":[131],"motion":[132],"sensors.":[133],"bindings":[138],"at":[141],"run-time,":[142],"allowing":[143],"user":[145],"customize":[147],"controls":[149],"sensitivity":[151],"adjust":[153],"individual":[155],"types":[157],"preferences.":[159],"In":[160],"future,":[162],"we":[163],"plan":[164],"substantially":[166],"expand":[167],"FAAST's":[168],"action":[169],"lexicon,":[170],"provide":[171],"recording":[174],"training":[176],"gestures,":[178],"incorporate":[180],"real-time":[181],"head":[182],"tracking":[183],"computer":[185],"vision":[186],"techniques.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}