{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171345873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2009.4811025","title":"Relating Scene-Motion Thresholds to Latency Thresholds for Head-Mounted Displays","display_name":"Relating Scene-Motion Thresholds to Latency Thresholds for Head-Mounted Displays","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171345873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2009.4811025","mag":"2171345873","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21593997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2009.4811025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2009.4811025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172820","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium","issn_l":"1087-8270","issn":["1087-8270","2375-5326"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3095496","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083205088","display_name":"J. Jerald","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-4402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Jerald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA","Department of Computer Science The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill e-mail: jjerald@cs.unc.edu#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill e-mail: jjerald@cs.unc.edu#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053155534","display_name":"Mary C. Whitton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2880-2550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Whitton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA","Department of Computer Science The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill e-mail: whitton@cs.unc.edu"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill e-mail: whitton@cs.unc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083205088"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2927,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65093075,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"211","last_page":"218"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7036799192428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6304098963737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-head-mounted-display","display_name":"Optical head-mounted display","score":0.6192988157272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5631466507911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.5306735634803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5107152462005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.4530659317970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4478524327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11955511569976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.06657275557518005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7036799192428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6304098963737488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9751117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105103","display_name":"Optical head-mounted display","level":2,"score":0.6192988157272339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5631466507911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5306735634803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5107152462005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.4530659317970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4478524327278137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11955511569976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.06657275557518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2009.4811025","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2009.4811025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172820","display_name":"Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium","issn_l":"1087-8270","issn":["1087-8270","2375-5326"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmid:21593997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21593997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings. IEEE Virtual Reality Conference","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3095496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3095496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc IEEE Virtual Real Conf","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3095496","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3095496","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proc IEEE Virtual Real Conf","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308606","display_name":"North Carolina Space Grant","ror":"https://ror.org/058465397"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W398474410","https://openalex.org/W1495617218","https://openalex.org/W1571144263","https://openalex.org/W1576693619","https://openalex.org/W1964347243","https://openalex.org/W1972089794","https://openalex.org/W1978201910","https://openalex.org/W1982727875","https://openalex.org/W2018915700","https://openalex.org/W2029906397","https://openalex.org/W2032783154","https://openalex.org/W2049872530","https://openalex.org/W2057872342","https://openalex.org/W2071940007","https://openalex.org/W2089094887","https://openalex.org/W2094832556","https://openalex.org/W2109396200","https://openalex.org/W2117381295","https://openalex.org/W2133011470","https://openalex.org/W2167792477","https://openalex.org/W2319803444","https://openalex.org/W2568368152","https://openalex.org/W2728907504","https://openalex.org/W6634426148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097502728","https://openalex.org/W2113206756","https://openalex.org/W2307385607","https://openalex.org/W3009949491","https://openalex.org/W1927475415","https://openalex.org/W2613352840","https://openalex.org/W2379547295","https://openalex.org/W2344345971","https://openalex.org/W2463283120","https://openalex.org/W2171345873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"users":[1],"of":[2,47,71,90,98],"head-tracked":[3],"head-mounted":[4,56,122],"display":[5,57,123],"systems":[6],"move":[7],"their":[8],"heads,":[9],"latency":[10,22,50,77,91,114],"causes":[11],"unnatural":[12],"scene":[13,18,35],"motion.":[14],"We":[15],"1)":[16],"analyzed":[17],"motion":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,43,112],"and":[23,37,49,62,76,79,88,100,110],"head":[24,33],"motion,":[25,34,36],"2)":[26],"developed":[27,41],"a":[28,55,59,68,105],"mathematical":[29],"model":[30],"relating":[31],"latency,":[32],"perception":[38],"thresholds,":[39,78],"3)":[40],"procedures":[42],"determine":[44,113],"perceptual":[45],"thresholds":[46,92],"scene-velocity":[48,75],"without":[51],"the":[52,81,95],"need":[53],"for":[54,64],"or":[58],"low-latency":[60],"system,":[61],"4),":[63],"six":[65],"subjects":[66],"under":[67],"specific":[69],"set":[70],"conditions,":[72],"we":[73],"measured":[74],"compared":[80],"relationship":[82],"between":[83],"these":[84],"thresholds.":[85],"Resulting":[86],"PSEs":[87],"JNDs":[89],"are":[93,104],"in":[94],"same":[96],"range":[97],"Ellis":[99],"Adelstein.":[101],"The":[102],"results":[103],"step":[106],"toward":[107],"enabling":[108],"scientists":[109],"engineers":[111],"requirements":[115],"before":[116],"building":[117],"immersive":[118],"virtual":[119],"environments":[120],"using":[121],"systems.":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}