{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2126512544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2006.23","title":"A Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Application for Iraq War Post Traumatic Stress Disorder","display_name":"A Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Application for Iraq War Post Traumatic Stress Disorder","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2126512544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2006.23","mag":"2126512544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2006.23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2006.23","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109031495","display_name":"Jarrell Pair","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Pair","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111926087","display_name":"Brian F. Allen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083571147","display_name":"Matthieu Dautricourt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Dautricourt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089776063","display_name":"Anton Treskunov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Treskunov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051432223","display_name":"Matt Liewer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Liewer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112414764","display_name":"K. Graap","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148953","display_name":"Virtually Better","ror":"https://ror.org/056rz0f32","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148953"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Graap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","Virtually Better, Inc., Decatur, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virtually Better, Inc., Decatur, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148953"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041274628","display_name":"Greg M. Reger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6716-362X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087747","display_name":"Creative Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/001qkb777","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088792","display_name":"United States Army","ror":"https://ror.org/00afsp483","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Reger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","United States Army, Iraq"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Creative Technologies, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087747","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Army, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109031495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I4210087747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5359,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94009739,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"67","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10416","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury Research","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10706","display_name":"Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality-exposure-therapy","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","score":0.7305722832679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6631553173065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combat-stress-reaction","display_name":"Combat stress reaction","score":0.6318545341491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety","display_name":"Anxiety","score":0.594713568687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-therapy","display_name":"Exposure therapy","score":0.5648682117462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"Terrorism","score":0.4657481610774994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traumatic-stress","display_name":"Traumatic stress","score":0.45459794998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.34883230924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25314849615097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatry","display_name":"Psychiatry","score":0.21150797605514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.10654622316360474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910959060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3527308","display_name":"Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy","level":3,"score":0.7305722832679749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6631553173065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82875528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1482034","display_name":"Combat stress reaction","level":2,"score":0.6318545341491699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.594713568687439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778251122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446198","display_name":"Exposure therapy","level":3,"score":0.5648682117462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.4657481610774994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778159538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16920843","display_name":"Traumatic stress","level":2,"score":0.45459794998168945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34883230924606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25314849615097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.21150797605514526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.10654622316360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2006.23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2006.23","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR 2006)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:ADA459227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA459227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.986.3663","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.986.3663","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ict.usc.edu/pubs/A%20Virtual%20Reality%20Exposure%20Therapy%20Application%20for%20Iraq%20War%20Post%20Traumatic%20Stress%20Disorder.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.994.3770","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.994.3770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD%3DADA459227%26Location%3DU2%26doc%3DGetTRDoc.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306127","display_name":"U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338305","display_name":"Naval Medical Center San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/02n14ez29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1818523973","https://openalex.org/W1966337680","https://openalex.org/W1981404401","https://openalex.org/W2003150598","https://openalex.org/W2066773095","https://openalex.org/W2069558734","https://openalex.org/W2073127217","https://openalex.org/W2076891970","https://openalex.org/W2083356067","https://openalex.org/W2109173514","https://openalex.org/W2110503531","https://openalex.org/W2111937537","https://openalex.org/W2117071555","https://openalex.org/W2130309314","https://openalex.org/W2150261153","https://openalex.org/W2616553428","https://openalex.org/W3005563669","https://openalex.org/W3080257744","https://openalex.org/W4237142465"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982018629","https://openalex.org/W3036093243","https://openalex.org/W2024151148","https://openalex.org/W1988274709","https://openalex.org/W2182786486","https://openalex.org/W1981564320","https://openalex.org/W2155246322","https://openalex.org/W4249930260","https://openalex.org/W2157792542","https://openalex.org/W2015255652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Post":[0],"Traumatic":[1],"Stress":[2,202],"Disorder":[3],"(PTSD)":[4],"is":[5,84,112],"reported":[6],"to":[7,85,144,163,170,211],"be":[8,171],"caused":[9],"by":[10],"traumatic":[11],"events":[12],"that":[13,43,122],"are":[14,51,188],"outside":[15],"the":[16,81,87,98,116,127,186,192],"range":[17],"of":[18,46,54,70,75,80,100,118,158],"usual":[19],"human":[20],"experiences":[21],"including":[22,175],"(but":[23],"not":[24],"limited":[25],"to)":[26],"military":[27],"combat,":[28],"violent":[29],"personal":[30],"assault,":[31],"being":[32,113],"kidnapped":[33],"or":[34],"taken":[35],"hostage":[36],"and":[37,57,93,134,147,178,197],"terrorist":[38],"attacks.":[39],"Initial":[40],"data":[41],"suggests":[42],"1":[44],"out":[45],"6":[47],"Iraq":[48,103,206],"War":[49],"veterans":[50],"exhibiting":[52],"symptoms":[53],"depression,":[55],"anxiety":[56],"PTSD.":[58],"Virtual":[59,102],"Reality":[60],"(VR)":[61],"exposure":[62,168],"treatment":[63,110],"has":[64],"been":[65],"used":[66],"in":[67,142,173,205,213],"previous":[68],"treatments":[69],"PTSD":[71,104],"patients":[72],"with":[73,185,207],"reports":[74],"positive":[76],"outcomes.":[77],"The":[78,108],"aim":[79],"current":[82],"paper":[83],"present":[86],"rationale,":[88],"technical":[89],"specifications,":[90],"application":[91,187],"features":[92],"user-centered":[94],"design":[95],"process":[96],"for":[97,126,167],"development":[99],"a":[101,156,176],"VR":[105,109],"therapy":[106,169],"application.":[107],"environment":[111],"created":[114,149,155],"via":[115],"recycling":[117],"virtual":[119,160],"graphic":[120],"assets":[121],"were":[123],"initially":[124],"built":[125],"U.S.":[128],"Army-funded":[129],"combat":[130],"tactical":[131],"simulation":[132],"scenario":[133],"commercially":[135],"successful":[136],"X-Box":[137],"game,":[138],"Full":[139],"Spectrum":[140],"Warrior,":[141],"addition":[143],"other":[145],"available":[146],"newly":[148],"assets.":[150],"Thus":[151],"far":[152],"we":[153],"have":[154],"series":[157],"customizable":[159],"scenarios":[161],"designed":[162],"represent":[164],"relevant":[165],"contexts":[166],"conducted":[172],"VR,":[174],"city":[177],"desert":[179],"road":[180],"convoy":[181],"environment.":[182],"User-Centered":[183],"tests":[184],"currently":[189],"underway":[190],"at":[191],"Naval":[193],"Medical":[194],"Center-San":[195],"Diego":[196],"within":[198],"an":[199],"Army":[200],"Combat":[201],"Control":[203],"Team":[204],"clinical":[208],"trials":[209],"scheduled":[210],"commence":[212],"February":[214],"2006.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}