{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107580878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2003.1191131","title":"Maintaining usability during 3D placement despite delay","display_name":"Maintaining usability during 3D placement despite delay","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107580878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2003.1191131","mag":"2107580878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2003.1191131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2003.1191131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Virtual Reality, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016365293","display_name":"Benjamin Watson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-7357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Watson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Computer Science, Northwestern University, USA",", Northwestern University, , , , USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computer Science, Northwestern University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Northwestern University, , , , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103196497","display_name":"N. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9483-2820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145388677","display_name":"Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS","ror":"https://ror.org/0109p9r67","country_code":"CH","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1286959531","https://openalex.org/I145388677"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801419637","display_name":"AIDS United","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdrc984","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801419637"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["UN-AIDS, USA","UNAIDS"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UN-AIDS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801419637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNAIDS","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145388677"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053679352","display_name":"Peter Woytiuk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160858","display_name":"Biomedware (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wwbpd10","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160858"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149774","display_name":"Bioware (Brazil)","ror":"https://ror.org/040cbt857","country_code":"BR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149774"]}],"countries":["BR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Woytiuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bioware, Canada","Bioware"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioware, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bioware","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160858","https://openalex.org/I4210149774"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110208682","display_name":"William Ribarsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Ribarsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA","[GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016365293"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88494594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"133","last_page":"140"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7001000642776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6103382110595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5900900959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5671492218971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-delay","display_name":"Network delay","score":0.5648210644721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queuing-delay","display_name":"Queuing delay","score":0.4586276412010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33904755115509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1512245237827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0859450101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.08297953009605408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7001000642776489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6103382110595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5900900959968567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5671492218971252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152623178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q436417","display_name":"Network delay","level":3,"score":0.5648210644721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196095461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576842","display_name":"Queuing delay","level":3,"score":0.4586276412010193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33904755115509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1512245237827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0859450101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.08297953009605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vr.2003.1191131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vr.2003.1191131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Virtual Reality, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583953270","https://openalex.org/W2020400082","https://openalex.org/W2089327896","https://openalex.org/W2115592467","https://openalex.org/W2136013268","https://openalex.org/W2145946022","https://openalex.org/W2171154280","https://openalex.org/W2179427518","https://openalex.org/W2945484122","https://openalex.org/W3157455592","https://openalex.org/W4239127880","https://openalex.org/W6677008501","https://openalex.org/W6794902777"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3091405833","https://openalex.org/W2592965047","https://openalex.org/W3176303726","https://openalex.org/W2081472162","https://openalex.org/W4366679797","https://openalex.org/W1956951658","https://openalex.org/W1534803986","https://openalex.org/W77573491","https://openalex.org/W2532448145","https://openalex.org/W3147726666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"an":[3],"experimental":[4],"investigation":[5],"into":[6],"the":[7,19,87,103,107,118],"relationship":[8,88],"of":[9,40,79,89,120],"delay":[10,29,48,57,92,100,121,134],"to":[11,91,99],"user":[12],"performance":[13],"in":[14,95,139],"3D":[15],"object":[16],"placement.":[17,96],"In":[18,66],"first":[20,108],"experiment,":[21],"10":[22],"participants":[23,105],"performed":[24],"a":[25,76],"placement":[26,31,62,113,141],"task":[27],"as":[28,47],"and":[30,44,49,74,93,101,116,122],"difficulty":[32,50,94],"varied.":[33],"Results":[34],"were":[35],"analyzed":[36],"with":[37],"statistical":[38],"analyses":[39],"variance.":[41],"Placement":[42],"errors":[43],"times":[45,114],"rose":[46],"increased.":[51],"An":[52],"interaction":[53,126],"indicated":[54,127],"that":[55,128],"controlling":[56],"is":[58,63,75,131],"particularly":[59],"important":[60],"when":[61,129],"already":[64],"difficult.":[65],"vehicle":[67],"control":[68],"tasks,":[69],"previewing":[70,90,130],"forecasts":[71],"required":[72],"input,":[73],"useful":[77],"way":[78],"compensating":[80],"for":[81],"delay.":[82],"The":[83],"second":[84],"experiment":[85],"examined":[86],"With":[97],"regard":[98],"difficulty,":[102],"15":[104],"replicated":[106],"experiment's":[109],"results.":[110],"Previewing":[111],"reduced":[112],"directly,":[115],"mitigated":[117],"effects":[119],"difficulty.":[123],"A":[124],"three-way":[125],"used,":[132],"more":[133],"can":[135],"be":[136],"tolerated":[137],"even":[138],"difficult":[140],"tasks.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}