{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378976613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136275","title":"Assessing the Impact of Attacks on an Automotive Ethernet Time Synchronization Testbed","display_name":"Assessing the Impact of Attacks on an Automotive Ethernet Time Synchronization Testbed","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378976613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/54722/1/Assessing_impact.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003021550","display_name":"Mahdi Fotouhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0099-1708"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Fotouhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086122900","display_name":"Alessio Buscemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-4123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessio Buscemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072855085","display_name":"Abdelwahab Boualouache","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6237-6597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelwahab Boualouache","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060342779","display_name":"Florian Jomrich","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Jomrich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda R&D Europe (Germany) GmbH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda R&D Europe (Germany) GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074163105","display_name":"Christian Koebel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112253","display_name":"Honda (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/022c1xk47","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643","https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Koebel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda R&D Europe (Germany) GmbH"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda R&D Europe (Germany) GmbH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009071576","display_name":"Thomas Engel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-3927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Engel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Luxembourg,Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003021550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8059,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72684015,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"223","last_page":"230"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12203","display_name":"Mobile Agent-Based Network Management","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.7239003777503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6785786747932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6612083911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.5868644118309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.5744346380233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5390218496322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.4868004024028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4855513274669647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47631725668907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4660694897174835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.30084228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2050921618938446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.7239003777503967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6785786747932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6612083911895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5868644118309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.5744346380233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5390218496322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.4868004024028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4855513274669647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47631725668907166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4660694897174835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30084228515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2050921618938446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136275","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136275","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/54722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/54722","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/54722/1/Assessing_impact.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), Istanbul 26-28 April 2023 (2023-04); 2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), From 26-04-2023 to 28-04-2023","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/54722","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10136275","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/54722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/54722","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/54722/1/Assessing_impact.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), Istanbul 26-28 April 2023 (2023-04); 2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC), From 26-04-2023 to 28-04-2023","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8282146864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BRIDGES","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","funder_display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4378976613.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095908604","https://openalex.org/W2125010780","https://openalex.org/W2136113035","https://openalex.org/W2171629073","https://openalex.org/W2234989220","https://openalex.org/W2537902178","https://openalex.org/W2543079668","https://openalex.org/W2606041882","https://openalex.org/W2615800250","https://openalex.org/W2752040793","https://openalex.org/W2901767566","https://openalex.org/W2946706800","https://openalex.org/W2982626996","https://openalex.org/W3003760618","https://openalex.org/W3157739973","https://openalex.org/W3182781015","https://openalex.org/W4290473017","https://openalex.org/W4315778400","https://openalex.org/W6696778263","https://openalex.org/W6756369913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883256816","https://openalex.org/W2171408034","https://openalex.org/W3003320923","https://openalex.org/W2106140982","https://openalex.org/W2152313554","https://openalex.org/W2064303750","https://openalex.org/W1509300825","https://openalex.org/W3092582874","https://openalex.org/W2338718585","https://openalex.org/W2054620577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Time":[0,30,55,64],"Sensitive":[1],"Network":[2,54],"(TSN)":[3],"standards":[4],"are":[5],"gaining":[6],"traction":[7],"in":[8],"the":[9,111,120,140],"scientific":[10],"community":[11],"and":[12],"automotive":[13,79],"Original":[14],"Equipment":[15],"Manufacturers":[16],"(OEMs)":[17],"due":[18,68],"their":[19],"promise":[20],"of":[21,62,95,122,136],"deterministic":[22],"Ethernet":[23],"networking.":[24],"Among":[25],"these":[26],"standards,":[27,51],"Generalized":[28],"Precision":[29,63],"Protocol":[31,56,65],"(gPTP)":[32],"-":[33,36],"IEEE":[34],"802.1AS":[35],"allows":[37],"network":[38],"devices":[39],"to":[40,69,72,92,113],"be":[41],"synchronized":[42],"with":[43],"a":[44,60,93,100,105],"precision":[45],"far":[46],"higher":[47],"than":[48],"other":[49],"synchronization":[50],"such":[52],"as":[53],"(NTP).":[57],"gPTP":[58,82],"is":[59],"profile":[61],"(PTP)":[66],"which,":[67],"its":[70],"robustness":[71],"delay":[73],"variations,":[74],"has":[75],"been":[76],"designated":[77],"for":[78],"applications.":[80],"Nonetheless,":[81],"was":[83],"designed":[84],"without":[85],"security":[86],"controls,":[87],"which":[88],"makes":[89],"it":[90],"vulnerable":[91],"number":[94],"attacks.":[96],"This":[97],"work":[98],"reveals":[99],"critical":[101],"vulnerability":[102,138],"caused":[103],"by":[104],"common":[106],"implementation":[107],"practice":[108],"that":[109],"opens":[110],"door":[112],"spoofing":[114],"attacks":[115],"on":[116],"gPTP.":[117],"To":[118],"assess":[119],"impact":[121],"this":[123,137],"vulnerability,":[124],"we":[125],"built":[126],"two":[127],"real":[128],"gPTP-capable":[129],"testbeds.":[130],"Our":[131],"results":[132],"show":[133],"high":[134],"risks":[135],"destabilizing":[139],"system":[141],"functionality.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2023-06-02T00:00:00"}