{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378976974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136272","title":"Source Linking Framework in Vehicular Networks for Security of Electric Vehicles using Machine Learning","display_name":"Source Linking Framework in Vehicular Networks for Security of Electric Vehicles using Machine Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378976974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044746485","display_name":"Farzan Majeed Noori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2256-3835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farzan M. Noori","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo,Department of Informatics,Oslo,Norway","Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo,Department of Informatics,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081212446","display_name":"Azeem Hafeez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8855-6158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azeem Hafeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn,Dearborn,Michigan,USA,48128"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn,Dearborn,Michigan,USA,48128","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033599238","display_name":"Hafiz Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-3888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130704","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Dearborn","ror":"https://ror.org/035wtm547","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn,Dearborn,Michigan,USA,48128"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Michigan-Dearborn,Dearborn,Michigan,USA,48128","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051442365","display_name":"Md. Zia Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-1834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387930215","display_name":"SINTEF Digital","ror":"https://ror.org/028m52w57","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879","https://openalex.org/I4387930215"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173888879","display_name":"SINTEF","ror":"https://ror.org/01f677e56","country_code":"NO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Zia Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway","Software and Service Innovation, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SINTEF Digital,Software and Service Innovation,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software and Service Innovation, SINTEF Digital, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173888879","https://openalex.org/I4387930215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071144214","display_name":"Jim T\u00f8rresen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0556-0288"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Torresen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo,Department of Informatics and RITMO,Oslo,Norway","Department of Informatics and RITMO, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo,Department of Informatics and RITMO,Oslo,Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and RITMO, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044746485"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1337,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.41312668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2011","issue":null,"first_page":"207","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.7674458622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7161092758178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/can-bus","display_name":"CAN bus","score":0.7061765789985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5568013191223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5529659390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.5047727823257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.49918293952941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4918539524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4667860269546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.370983749628067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.2616904377937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20607370138168335}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.7674458622932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7161092758178711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201762086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728183","display_name":"CAN bus","level":2,"score":0.7061765789985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5568013191223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5529659390449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.5047727823257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49918293952941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4918539524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4667860269546509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.370983749628067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2616904377937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20607370138168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vnc57357.2023.10136272","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605564925","https://openalex.org/W1909843845","https://openalex.org/W2011980550","https://openalex.org/W2033342263","https://openalex.org/W2072724180","https://openalex.org/W2123504417","https://openalex.org/W2171033594","https://openalex.org/W2296701710","https://openalex.org/W2414564754","https://openalex.org/W2464037380","https://openalex.org/W2503562633","https://openalex.org/W2524044976","https://openalex.org/W2772709151","https://openalex.org/W2786926430","https://openalex.org/W2891642265","https://openalex.org/W2911448750","https://openalex.org/W2914769175","https://openalex.org/W2945012921","https://openalex.org/W2964010649","https://openalex.org/W2964052849","https://openalex.org/W3000946945","https://openalex.org/W3010821038","https://openalex.org/W3011621193","https://openalex.org/W3156680434","https://openalex.org/W3197788255","https://openalex.org/W4210840056","https://openalex.org/W4230040612","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4287649493","https://openalex.org/W4399647672","https://openalex.org/W6640462745","https://openalex.org/W6719536112","https://openalex.org/W6748133397","https://openalex.org/W6758776342","https://openalex.org/W6762698048","https://openalex.org/W6775762939","https://openalex.org/W6783813245","https://openalex.org/W6869608176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387799680","https://openalex.org/W4308237908","https://openalex.org/W2358184096","https://openalex.org/W2391417648","https://openalex.org/W2166668397","https://openalex.org/W2364615786","https://openalex.org/W2382695738","https://openalex.org/W2375092228","https://openalex.org/W2116285675","https://openalex.org/W2387287689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fully":[0],"connected":[1],"autonomous":[2,133],"vehicles":[3],"are":[4,143,151],"more":[5],"vulnerable":[6,46],"than":[7],"ever":[8],"to":[9,47,81,108,113,126,138,145,169],"hacking":[10],"and":[11,66,190],"data":[12],"theft.":[13],"The":[14,178],"controller":[15],"area":[16],"network":[17,163],"(CAN)":[18],"protocol":[19],"is":[20,105,167],"an":[21],"effective":[22],"means":[23],"of":[24,33,37,51,68,95,101,130,174,194],"communication":[25,89,97],"between":[26],"in-vehicle":[27,88],"control":[28],"networks.":[29],"However,":[30],"the":[31,64,92,96,99,103,110,114,128,171,175,192,195],"absence":[32],"basic":[34],"security":[35,129],"features":[36],"this":[38],"protocol,":[39],"like":[40],"message":[41],"authentication,":[42],"makes":[43],"it":[44],"quite":[45],"a":[48,74,123,161],"wide":[49],"range":[50],"attacks,":[52],"including":[53],"spoofing":[54],"attacks.":[55],"As":[56],"traditional":[57],"cybersecurity":[58],"methods":[59],"impose":[60],"limitations":[61],"in":[62,85,187],"ensuring":[63],"confidentiality":[65],"integrity":[67],"transmitted":[69],"messages":[70,104],"via":[71],"CAN":[72,162],"bus,":[73],"new":[75,124],"technique":[76],"has":[77],"emerged":[78],"among":[79],"others":[80],"approve":[82],"its":[83],"reliability":[84],"fully":[86,132],"authenticating":[87],"messages.":[90],"At":[91],"physical":[93],"layer":[94],"system,":[98],"method":[100,125],"fingerprinting":[102],"being":[106],"implemented":[107],"connect":[109],"received":[111],"signal":[112],"transmitting":[115,154],"Engine":[116],"Control":[117],"Unit":[118],"(ECU).":[119],"This":[120],"paper":[121],"introduces":[122],"enhance":[127],"modern,":[131],"electric":[134],"vehicles.":[135],"Errors":[136],"due":[137],"digital":[139],"to-analog":[140],"converter":[141],"(DAC)":[142],"used":[144,168],"estimate":[146],"ECU-specific":[147],"distortion":[148],"distributions,":[149],"which":[150],"utilized":[152],"for":[153],"node":[155],"identification.":[156],"A":[157],"dataset":[158],"collected":[159],"from":[160],"with":[164],"seven":[165],"ECUs":[166],"evaluate":[170],"efficient":[172],"performance":[173],"suggested":[176],"method.":[177],"experimental":[179],"results":[180],"indicate":[181],"that":[182],"kNNs":[183],"achieved":[184],"99.2%":[185],"accuracy":[186],"ECU":[188],"detection":[189],"outperformed":[191],"rest":[193],"classifiers.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-23T23:11:35.936235","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
