{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978065494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc48660.2019.9062819","title":"CAN Radar: Sensing Physical Devices in CAN Networks based on Time Domain Reflectometry","display_name":"CAN Radar: Sensing Physical Devices in CAN Networks based on Time Domain Reflectometry","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978065494","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc48660.2019.9062819","mag":"2978065494"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc48660.2019.9062819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc48660.2019.9062819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.02847","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marcel Rumez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcel Rumez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jurgen Durrwang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jurgen Durrwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tim Brecht","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim Brecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Timo Steinshorn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Steinshorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peter Neugebauer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Neugebauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Reiner Kriesten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70886390","display_name":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01c0m1t63","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reiner Kriesten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Institute of Energy Efficient Mobility, International University, Campus 3, Bruchsal, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70886390"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Eric Sax","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Sax","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Engesserstra\u00dfe 5, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Information Processing Technologies, Engesserstra\u00dfe 5, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75862099,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6593000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/can-bus","display_name":"CAN bus","score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.6883999705314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6593000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6162999868392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201762086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728183","display_name":"CAN bus","level":2,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5273000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.453900009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.42320001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.3425999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc48660.2019.9062819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc48660.2019.9062819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.02847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.02847","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.02847","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1910.02847","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1910.02847","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1910.02847","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602359996","https://openalex.org/W2020141429","https://openalex.org/W2072724180","https://openalex.org/W2125864339","https://openalex.org/W2161630727","https://openalex.org/W2752558064","https://openalex.org/W2805391749","https://openalex.org/W2891250288","https://openalex.org/W2906515322","https://openalex.org/W2935839804","https://openalex.org/W2963804058","https://openalex.org/W4247935997","https://openalex.org/W4253472803"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"presence":[1],"of":[2,22,127],"security":[3,33],"vulnerabilities":[4],"in":[5,15,114],"automotive":[6],"networks":[7,108],"has":[8],"already":[9],"been":[10],"shown":[11],"by":[12],"various":[13],"publications":[14],"recent":[16],"years.":[17],"Due":[18],"to":[19,38,46,52,83,100,106],"the":[20,23,135,140],"specification":[21],"Controller":[24],"Area":[25],"Network":[26],"(CAN)":[27],"as":[28,62,64],"a":[29,57,159],"broadcast":[30],"medium":[31],"without":[32,42],"mechanisms,":[34],"attackers":[35,55,102],"are":[36,70,76,81],"able":[37,82],"read":[39],"transmitted":[40],"messages":[41],"being":[43],"noticed":[44],"and":[45,109,133,143],"inject":[47],"malicious":[48],"messages.":[49],"In":[50,117],"order":[51],"detect":[53,84,101],"potential":[54],"within":[56],"network":[58,89],"or":[59,93],"software":[60],"system":[61],"early":[63],"possible,":[65],"Intrusion":[66],"Detection":[67],"Systems":[68],"(IDSs)":[69],"prevalent.":[71],"Many":[72],"approaches":[73],"for":[74],"vehicles":[75],"based":[77,147],"on":[78,148,158],"techniques":[79],"which":[80],"deviations":[85],"from":[86],"specified":[87],"CAN":[88,107,131],"behaviour":[90],"regarding":[91],"protocol":[92],"payload":[94],"properties.":[95],"However,":[96],"it":[97],"is":[98,125],"challenging":[99],"who":[103],"secretly":[104],"connect":[105],"do":[110],"not":[111],"actively":[112],"participate":[113],"bus":[115],"traffic.":[116],"this":[118],"paper,":[119],"we":[120],"present":[121],"an":[122],"approach":[123,157],"that":[124],"capable":[126],"successfully":[128],"detecting":[129],"unknown":[130],"devices":[132],"determining":[134],"distance":[136],"(cable":[137],"length)":[138],"between":[139],"attacker":[141],"device":[142],"our":[144,156],"sensing":[145],"unit":[146],"Time":[149],"Domain":[150],"Reflectometry":[151],"(TDR)":[152],"technique.":[153],"We":[154],"evaluated":[155],"real":[160],"vehicle":[161],"network.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2019-10-10T00:00:00"}