{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2005016967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc.2011.6117124","title":"White space vectors for channel selection in vehicular cognitive networks","display_name":"White space vectors for channel selection in vehicular cognitive networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2005016967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc.2011.6117124","mag":"2005016967"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc.2011.6117124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc.2011.6117124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042508606","display_name":"Kei Inage","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kei Inage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Wireless Communication research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","Advanced Wireless Communication Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless Communication research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless Communication Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024961628","display_name":"SeonNyeon Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SeonNyeon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Wireless Communication research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","Advanced Wireless Communication Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless Communication research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless Communication Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054932044","display_name":"Takeo Fujii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7886-5560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeo Fujii","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Wireless Communication research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","Advanced Wireless Communication Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless Communication research Center, University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Wireless Communication Research Center, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103045805","display_name":"Onur Alt\u0131nta\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2711-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1293612202","display_name":"Toyota Motor Corporation (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p0pbv75","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202","https://openalex.org/I4210125472","https://openalex.org/I4210137853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125472","display_name":"Toyota Group (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/0307bxz06","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472"]}],"countries":["CH","JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onur Altintas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communications Group, Research and Development Division, TOYOTA Info Technology Center Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan","Wireless Communications Group, R&D Division, TOYOTA InfoTechnology Center, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications Group, Research and Development Division, TOYOTA Info Technology Center Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communications Group, R&D Division, TOYOTA InfoTechnology Center, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1293612202"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"55","last_page":"61"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.9435571432113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7795512080192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.7042465209960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6448836326599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.612898588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.5808513164520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.578453779220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5715959072113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-space","display_name":"User space","score":0.44524213671684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handshaking","display_name":"Handshaking","score":0.42835575342178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2853171229362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.28114229440689087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.9435571432113647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7795512080192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.7042465209960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6448836326599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.612898588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.5808513164520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.578453779220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5715959072113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775877400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142183","display_name":"User space","level":2,"score":0.44524213671684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58861099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q548838","display_name":"Handshaking","level":2,"score":0.42835575342178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2853171229362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.28114229440689087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vnc.2011.6117124","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vnc.2011.6117124","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE Vehicular Networking Conference (VNC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009244389","https://openalex.org/W2028613542","https://openalex.org/W2082909634","https://openalex.org/W2119763931","https://openalex.org/W2133268018","https://openalex.org/W2162455895","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2532757866","https://openalex.org/W3037446794","https://openalex.org/W6779504833"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2275209844","https://openalex.org/W2882999853","https://openalex.org/W1994734174","https://openalex.org/W2229545378","https://openalex.org/W2111066923","https://openalex.org/W2185800257","https://openalex.org/W1971967461","https://openalex.org/W2091417597","https://openalex.org/W2099411758","https://openalex.org/W2005016967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,50,80,125],"vehicular":[1],"cognitive":[2],"networks,":[3],"a":[4,62,90,130,152,195],"vehicle":[5,91],"(secondary":[6],"user)":[7],"communicates":[8],"with":[9,13,55],"other":[10],"vehicles":[11],"or":[12],"the":[14,42,45,53,59,67,87,96,113,118,122,135,144,156,175,181,189,201,208,214,229,237,243],"roadside":[15],"units":[16],"by":[17,121],"borrowing":[18],"licensed":[19],"but":[20],"unused":[21,104],"frequency":[22],"bands,":[23],"a.k.a.":[24],"white":[25,159,202],"spaces,":[26],"which":[27,150],"are":[28,48],"originally":[29],"allocated":[30],"to":[31,52,75,82,86,94,102,112,117,133,172,188],"primary":[32,63,88,190],"users.":[33,191],"While":[34],"doing":[35],"so,":[36],"secondary":[37,57],"users":[38,47],"make":[39],"sure":[40],"that":[41,61,224],"rights":[43],"of":[44,78,137,155,177,210,216,218,231,239],"incumbent":[46],"protected.":[49],"comparison":[51],"cases":[54],"stationary":[56],"users,":[58,89],"probability":[60],"user":[64],"appears":[65],"in":[66,163,249],"currently":[68,97],"borrowed":[69,98],"channel":[70,99,123,197],"is":[71,92],"much":[72],"higher":[73],"due":[74,116],"high":[76],"mobility":[77],"vehicles.":[79],"order":[81],"avoid":[83],"harmful":[84],"interference":[85,187],"required":[93,183],"vacate":[95],"and":[100,220,222],"switch":[101],"another":[103],"one.":[105],"This":[106,167],"vertical":[107,138,211,232],"handover":[108],"poses":[109],"significant":[110,247],"disruption":[111],"ongoing":[114],"communication":[115],"overhead":[119],"induced":[120],"handshaking.":[124],"this":[126],"paper,":[127],"we":[128,141,193],"present":[129,194],"novel":[131],"approach":[132],"reduce":[134,228],"number":[136,209,230],"handovers.":[139],"Specifically,":[140],"first":[142],"introduce":[143],"White":[145],"Space":[146],"Vector":[147],"(WSV)":[148],"scheme":[149],"enables":[151],"simpler":[153],"representation":[154,169],"complex":[157],"geographical":[158],"space":[160,203],"information":[161],"stored":[162],"spectrum":[164,244],"usage":[165],"databases.":[166],"new":[168,196],"allows":[170],"us":[171],"trim":[173],"down":[174],"amount":[176,238],"data":[178,240],"downloaded":[179,241],"from":[180,213,242],"database":[182,245],"for":[184],"adequately":[185],"avoiding":[186],"Furthermore,":[192],"selection":[198],"method":[199,226],"leveraging":[200],"vector":[204],"representation.":[205],"We":[206],"evaluate":[207],"handovers":[212,233],"point":[215],"view":[217],"accuracy":[219],"overhead,":[221],"show":[223],"WSV":[225],"can":[227],"while":[234],"also":[235],"reducing":[236],"without":[246],"loss":[248],"accuracy.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}