{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401881666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46783.2024.10631325","title":"A 30fps $\\mathbf{64}\\times \\mathbf{64}$ CMOS Flash LiDAR Sensor with Push-Pull Analog Counter Achieving 0.1% Depth Uncertainty at 70m Detection Range","display_name":"A 30fps $\\mathbf{64}\\times \\mathbf{64}$ CMOS Flash LiDAR Sensor with Push-Pull Analog Counter Achieving 0.1% Depth Uncertainty at 70m Detection Range","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401881666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46783.2024.10631325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46783.2024.10631325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46783.2024.10631325","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074258405","display_name":"Dongseok Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongseok Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051054711","display_name":"Byungchoul Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5905-0964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byungchoul Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013858520","display_name":"Hyun-Seung Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-Seung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIST,Seoul,Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIST,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024517783","display_name":"Myung-Jae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-1437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myung-Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["KIST,Seoul,Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KIST,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081909277","display_name":"Youngcheol Chae","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngcheol Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University,Seoul,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074258405"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8863,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86054266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5674441456794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5567773580551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.45150813460350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4127384126186371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34037235379219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.2522966265678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22144439816474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.20106303691864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.16315382719039917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5674441456794739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5567773580551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45150813460350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4127384126186371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34037235379219055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.2522966265678406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22144439816474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.20106303691864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.16315382719039917}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46783.2024.10631325","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46783.2024.10631325","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230760062"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,25,31,41,55,63,69,90,94,116],"CMOS":[4],"flash":[5],"LiDAR":[6],"sensor":[7,21],"based":[8],"on":[9],"time-gated":[11],"single-photon":[12],"counting":[13],"method.":[14],"The":[15,102],"proposed":[16],"<tex":[17,36],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[18,37],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$64\\times":[19],"64$</tex>":[20],"is":[22],"implemented":[23],"in":[24,106],"110nm":[26],"BSI":[27],"process":[28],"and":[29,62,98],"achieves":[30,54],"small":[32],"pixel":[33],"pitch":[34],"of":[35,44,58,66,72,80,89,115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$32\\mu":[38],"\\mathrm{m}$</tex>":[39],"with":[40],"fill":[42],"factor":[43],"33%.":[45],"It":[46,53],"consumes":[47],"29.1mW,":[48],"while":[49],"operating":[50],"at":[51,60,68],"30fps.":[52],"high":[56],"PDP":[57],"14.3%":[59],"850nm":[61],"depth":[64,70,78],"uncertainty":[65,79],"7cm":[67],"range":[71],"70m,":[73],"corresponding":[74],"to":[75],"the":[76,87,107,113],"worst-case":[77],"0.1%.":[81],"These":[82],"results":[83],"are":[84,110],"achieved":[85],"by":[86,112],"use":[88,114],"compact":[91],"SPAD":[92],"front-end,":[93],"push-pull":[95,117],"analog":[96,108],"counter,":[97],"an":[99],"optimized":[100],"PDP.":[101],"gain":[103,118],"mismatch":[104],"errors":[105],"counter":[109],"mitigated":[111],"averaging":[119],"scheme.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
