{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286571731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830488","title":"Advanced BEOL Materials, Processes, and Integration to Reduce Line Resistance of Damascene Cu, Co, and Subtractive Ru Interconnects","display_name":"Advanced BEOL Materials, Processes, and Integration to Reduce Line Resistance of Damascene Cu, Co, and Subtractive Ru Interconnects","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286571731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605407","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025688888","display_name":"T. Nogami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-3867"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Nogami","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113785955","display_name":"Oleg Gluschenkov","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleg Gluschenkov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004394661","display_name":"Yasir Sulehria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2241-529X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir Sulehria","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104263484","display_name":"Son T. Nguyen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Son Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063454773","display_name":"B. Peethala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-5929"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brown Peethala","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046238559","display_name":"Huai Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4177-0418"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huai Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113796594","display_name":"H. Shobha","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hosadurga Shobha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nick Lanzillo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nick Lanzillo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022232512","display_name":"R. Patlolla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3115-374X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghuveer Patlolla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112379826","display_name":"Devika Sil","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devika Sil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030842644","display_name":"Andrew Simon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9333-885X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089315602","display_name":"D. Edelstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Edelstein","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112329096","display_name":"Nelson Felix","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nelson Felix","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616145","display_name":"Junjun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4217-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCREEN Semiconductor Solutions Co., Ltd.,IBM Research,Albany,NY,USA,12203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCREEN Semiconductor Solutions Co., Ltd.,IBM Research,Albany,NY,USA,12203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070330276","display_name":"Toshiyuki Tabata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4923-5663"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiyuki Tabata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090082700","display_name":"Fulvio Mazzamuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-951X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fulvio Mazzamuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089267492","display_name":"S\u00e9bastien Halty","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastien Halty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002712457","display_name":"Fabien Roz\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0876-5086"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabien Roze","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laser Systems &amp; Solutions of Europe (LASSE),Albany,NY,USA,12203","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694190","display_name":"Yasutoshi Okuno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5769-0815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasutoshi Okuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["SCREEN Semiconductor Solutions Co., Ltd.,IBM Research,Albany,NY,USA,12203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SCREEN Semiconductor Solutions Co., Ltd.,IBM Research,Albany,NY,USA,12203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068817003","display_name":"Akira Uedono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6224-4869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113508548","display_name":"Albany State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vme4277","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Uedono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsukuba University,Albany,NY,USA,12203"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsukuba University,Albany,NY,USA,12203","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113508548"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":20,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025688888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2215,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97534834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"423","last_page":"424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11661","display_name":"Copper Interconnects and Reliability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10460","display_name":"Electronic Packaging and Soldering Technologies","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12371","display_name":"Electrical Contact Performance and Analysis","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-interconnect","display_name":"Copper interconnect","score":0.8707715272903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7336658239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtractive-color","display_name":"Subtractive color","score":0.5477872490882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4476470351219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blanket","display_name":"Blanket","score":0.426200807094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.42003634572029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.4119090437889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34111231565475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.3040628731250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.20853114128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.091214120388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07528373599052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.0726982057094574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116372231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q605757","display_name":"Copper interconnect","level":3,"score":0.8707715272903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7336658239364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150799807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374081","display_name":"Subtractive color","level":2,"score":0.5477872490882874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4476470351219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779261148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5852","display_name":"Blanket","level":2,"score":0.426200807094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.42003634572029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.4119090437889099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34111231565475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.3040628731250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.20853114128112793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.091214120388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07528373599052429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0726982057094574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830488","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830488","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605407","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337495","display_name":"Technology Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388844564","https://openalex.org/W2044778064","https://openalex.org/W2064042445","https://openalex.org/W4200539879","https://openalex.org/W63093223","https://openalex.org/W2950903173","https://openalex.org/W2133934126","https://openalex.org/W2942060259","https://openalex.org/W2954773362","https://openalex.org/W2804435182"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"progress":[1],"in":[2],"materials,":[3],"processes":[4],"and":[5,16,21,36,65],"integration":[6,69],"schemes":[7],"to":[8,31,59,62,70,81],"reduce":[9],"line":[10],"resistance":[11],"(Line-R)":[12],"of":[13,43,89],"damascene":[14,52],"Cu":[15,30,61,72,80],"alternative":[17,82],"conductors":[18,83],"(damascene":[19],"Co":[20],"subtractive":[22],"Ru)":[23],"are":[24],"reviewed,":[25],"including":[26],"(1)":[27],"graphene/Co":[28],"capped":[29],"achieve":[32],"both":[33],"EM":[34],"reliability":[35],"Line-R":[37,90],"reduction":[38],"(2)":[39],"nanosecond":[40],"laser":[41],"anneal":[42],"Ru":[44],"blanket":[45],"films":[46],"for":[47],"subtractive-etched":[48],"interconnects,":[49],"(3)":[50],"single":[51],"Cu,":[53],"which":[54],"is":[55,84],"potentially":[56],"one":[57],"way":[58],"extend":[60],"extreme":[63],"nodes,":[64],"(4)":[66],"Co/Cu":[67],"composite":[68],"preserve":[71],"power":[73],"rails.":[74],"Finally,":[75],"the":[76,87],"technology":[77],"shift":[78],"from":[79,86],"discussed":[85],"viewpoint":[88],"crossover.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
