{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4286571778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830305","title":"A 100\u00d780 CMOS Flash LiDAR Sensor with 0.0011mm<sup>2</sup> In-Pixel Histogramming TDC Based on Analog Counter and Self-Calibrated Single-Slope ADC","display_name":"A 100\u00d780 CMOS Flash LiDAR Sensor with 0.0011mm<sup>2</sup> In-Pixel Histogramming TDC Based on Analog Counter and Self-Calibrated Single-Slope ADC","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4286571778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830305"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605407","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036102827","display_name":"Su-Hyun Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su-Hyun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071417283","display_name":"Bumjun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2198-5342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bumjun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007742298","display_name":"Seonghyeok Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5341-2293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seonghyeok Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086666029","display_name":"Yongjae Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-9330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjae Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009724263","display_name":"Jung\u2010Hoon Chun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2668-6739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124172","display_name":"Solid (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03brafa64","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124172"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Hoon Chun","raw_affiliation_strings":["SolidVue,Suwon,Korea","SolidVue, Suwon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SolidVue,Suwon,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SolidVue, Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101816716","display_name":"Jae-Hyuk Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4861-9737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124172","display_name":"Solid (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03brafa64","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124172"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaehyuk Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["SolidVue,Suwon,Korea","SolidVue, Suwon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SolidVue,Suwon,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SolidVue, Suwon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210124172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100321810","display_name":"Seong\u2010Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9353-5148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48566637","display_name":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/017cjz748","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,Ulsan,Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48566637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8911,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91547287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"82","last_page":"83"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.744630753993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6872447729110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-adc","display_name":"Flash ADC","score":0.6706872582435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash","display_name":"Flash (photography)","score":0.6154059171676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5815681219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5153193473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.5048466324806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.49002206325531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35263383388519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3167873024940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22286292910575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.18207702040672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.14620265364646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1372562050819397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.744630753993988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6872447729110718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164862427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2744647","display_name":"Flash ADC","level":4,"score":0.6706872582435608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.6154059171676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5815681219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5153193473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.5048466324806213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.49002206325531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35263383388519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3167873024940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22286292910575867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.18207702040672302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.14620265364646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1372562050819397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44351266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465532","display_name":"Voltage reference","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsitechnologyandcir46769.2022.9830305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363605407","display_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W1964041166","https://openalex.org/W4390887692","https://openalex.org/W4221065211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,45,54,59,72,77,82],"CMOS":[4,74],"flash":[5],"LiDAR":[6,68],"sensor":[7,69],"with":[8,28,36,58],"an":[9],"in-pixel":[10,92],"histogramming":[11,93],"TDC":[12],"occupying":[13],"the":[14,37],"smallest":[15],"size":[16],"of":[17,64],"1110\u03bcm2based":[18],"on":[19],"dual":[20],"analog":[21,25,42,86],"counters.":[22,65],"The":[23,41,66],"proposed":[24],"counter":[26,87],"replaced":[27],"histogram":[29],"memories":[30],"achieves":[31],"3,300-fold":[32],"power":[33],"reduction":[34],"compared":[35],"conventional":[38],"digital":[39],"counter.":[40],"counters":[43],"and":[44],"timing":[46],"generator":[47],"in":[48,71],"each":[49],"pixel":[50],"are":[51],"reconfigured":[52],"to":[53],"single-slope":[55],"ADC":[56],"(SS-ADC)":[57],"self-referenced":[60],"ramp":[61],"mitigating":[62],"nonuniformities":[63],"prototype":[67],"fabricated":[70],"0.11\u00b5m":[73],"process":[75],"demonstrates":[76],"2.3cm":[78],"depth":[79],"resolution":[80],"at":[81],"7.5m":[83],"distance.":[84],"An":[85],"only":[88],"consumes":[89],"8nW":[90],"for":[91],"operation.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
