{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138319203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00101","title":"ThermLeT: Transformer-Based Temperature Prediction for 2.5D Chiplet Architecture","display_name":"ThermLeT: Transformer-Based Temperature Prediction for 2.5D Chiplet Architecture","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138319203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00101"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 39th International Conference on VLSI Design &amp;amp; 25th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042411455","display_name":"Varun Darshana Parekh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-3735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Varun Darshana Parekh","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041335292","display_name":"Anusha Devulapally","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-1110"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anusha Devulapally","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129706800","display_name":"Sivani Devarapalli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivani Devarapalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cassius Henderson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cassius Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103944148","display_name":"Shimeng Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shimeng Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076019669","display_name":"V. Narayanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0653-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijaykrishnan Narayanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Pennsylvania State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Pennsylvania State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43491958,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"512","last_page":"517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.32429999113082886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.32429999113082886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.2964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.12330000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.26170000433921814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.24740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.23270000517368317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.23190000653266907}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00101","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00101","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 39th International Conference on VLSI Design &amp;amp; 25th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7486127614974976}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"drive":[1],"toward":[2],"heterogeneous":[3],"2.5D":[4],"chiplet":[5,87],"packages":[6],"promises":[7],"unmatched":[8],"performance":[9],"and":[10,44,107,120,136,154],"customization,":[11],"yet":[12],"the":[13,77],"resulting":[14],"density":[15,37],"amplifies":[16],"thermal":[17],"challenges.":[18],"To":[19,75],"facilitate":[20],"rapid":[21],"design":[22],"space":[23],"exploration,":[24],"we":[25,80],"present":[26],"ThermLeT,":[27],"a":[28,83,95],"multimodal":[29],"transformer-based,":[30],"scale":[31],"invariant":[32],"surrogate":[33],"that":[34],"integrates":[35],"power":[36],"maps,":[38],"spatial":[39],"coordinate":[40],"embeddings,":[41],"material":[42],"properties":[43],"heat":[45],"transfer":[46],"rate":[47],"to":[48,150],"predict":[49],"steady":[50],"state":[51],"temperature":[52],"in":[53],"<tex":[54,122,131,137],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[55,123,132,138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{1":[56],"3":[57],"~":[58],"m":[59],"s}$</tex>,":[60],"about":[61],"four":[62],"orders":[63],"of":[64,85,104,110],"magnitude":[65],"faster":[66],"than":[67],"conventional":[68],"finite":[69],"element":[70],"solvers":[71],"such":[72],"as":[73],"ANSYS.":[74],"train":[76],"transformer":[78],"model,":[79],"also":[81],"create":[82],"dataset":[84,155],"6,221":[86],"layouts":[88],"perturbed":[89],"from":[90],"three":[91],"representative":[92],"architectures.":[93],"On":[94],"150":[96],"sample":[97],"test":[98],"set,":[99],"ThermLeT":[100],"achieves":[101],"an":[102,108],"RMSE":[103],"3.16\u00b0":[105],"C":[106],"MAE":[109],"2.24\u00b0":[111],"C,":[112],"improving":[113],"accuracy":[114],"by":[115,121],"35":[116],"%":[117],"over":[118,127],"ThermEDGe":[119],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\mathbf{7":[124],"1":[125],"\\%}$</tex>":[126],"HotSpot,":[128],"while":[129],"running":[130],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$\\approx":[133],"6":[134],"\\times$</tex>":[135,140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$11":[139],"lower":[141],"inference":[142],"latencies":[143],"respectively.":[144],"Ablation":[145],"studies":[146],"confirm":[147],"robust":[148],"generalization":[149],"unseen":[151],"floorplans.":[152],"Code":[153],"available":[156],"at:":[157],"https://github.com/MicroSystemsDesignLab/ThermLeT":[158]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
