{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138248827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00065","title":"Adaptive $t$-Design Dummy-Gate Obfuscation for Cryogenic-Scale Enforcement","display_name":"Adaptive $t$-Design Dummy-Gate Obfuscation for Cryogenic-Scale Enforcement","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138248827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00065"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 39th International Conference on VLSI Design &amp;amp; 25th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129749743","display_name":"Samuel Thomas Punch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuel Thomas Punch","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork,Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129645487","display_name":"Krishnendu Guha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krishnendu Guha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork,Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Technology, University College Cork,Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.19638826,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"299","last_page":"304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.8468999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.8468999862670898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.04010000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.02329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.24959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.24690000712871552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5809000134468079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.4681999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4212999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.24959999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.24690000712871552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.23669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2354000061750412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.23420000076293945}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00065","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsid68508.2026.00065","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 39th International Conference on VLSI Design &amp;amp; 25th International Conference on Embedded Systems (VLSID)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290336547","https://openalex.org/W2558717661","https://openalex.org/W3186461170","https://openalex.org/W4295004915","https://openalex.org/W4380053242","https://openalex.org/W4387757512","https://openalex.org/W4404317083","https://openalex.org/W4406261426","https://openalex.org/W4410887375"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"quantum":[1],"services":[2],"can":[3],"reveal":[4],"circuit":[5],"structure":[6],"and":[7,14,25,46,83,92,106,111,122,138,174],"timing":[8,70],"via":[9],"scheduler":[10],"metadata,":[11],"latency":[12,173],"patterns,":[13],"co-tenant":[15],"interference.":[16],"We":[17,96],"introduce":[18],"Noise-Adaptive":[19],"Dummy-Gate":[20],"Obfuscation":[21],"(NADGO),":[22],"a":[23,51,85,93,99],"scheduling":[24],"obfuscation":[26],"stack":[27],"that":[28],"enforces":[29],"operational":[30],"privacy":[31],"for":[32,64,213],"gate-model":[33],"workloads":[34,182],"by":[35],"applying":[36],"per-interval":[37,86,125],"limits":[38],"on":[39,98],"observable":[40],"information":[41],"leakage.":[42],"To":[43],"support":[44,196],"confidentiality":[45],"fair":[47],"multi-tenancy,":[48],"operators":[49],"need":[50],"way":[52],"to":[53,72],"audit":[54,131],"compliance":[55],"at":[56,117,207],"acceptable":[57],"overheads.":[58],"NADGO":[59,144],"combines:":[60],"(i)":[61],"hardware-aware$t$-design":[62],"padding":[63],"structured":[65],"cover":[66],"traffic;":[67],"(ii)":[68],"particle-filter":[69],"randomisation":[71],"mask":[73],"queue":[74],"patterns;":[75],"(iii)":[76],"CASQUE":[77],"subcircuit":[78],"routing":[79],"across":[80],"heterogeneous":[81],"backends;":[82],"(iv)":[84],"leakage":[87,168],"estimator$\\widehat{\\Delta}_{t}$with":[88],"locked":[89],"calibration":[90],"artefacts":[91],"dual-threshold":[94],"kill-switch.":[95],"prototype":[97],"4-qubit":[100],"superconducting":[101],"tile":[102],"with":[103,163,193],"cryo-CMOS":[104],"control":[105,120],"evaluate":[107],"depth-varied":[108],"local-random":[109],"circuits":[110],"small":[112],"QAOA":[113],"instances.":[114],"Monitoring":[115],"runs":[116],"a$6.3":[118],"\\mu$s":[119],"interval,":[121],"we":[123],"record":[124],"decisions":[126],"in":[127],"an":[128],"append-only,":[129],"hash-chained":[130],"log.":[132],"Across":[133],"Monte":[134],"Carlo":[135],"(Tier":[136,141],"I)":[137],"cloud-hardware":[139],"emulation":[140],"II)":[142],"evaluations,":[143],"keeps$\\widehat{\\Delta}_{t}":[145],"\\leq":[146,153],"\\Delta_{\\text":[147],"{budget":[148],"}}$in":[149],"nominal":[150],"operation":[151],"(interval-abort$\\text{SLO}":[152],"1":[154],"\\%$)":[155],"and,":[156],"under":[157,203],"attack,":[158],"yields":[159],"high":[160],"AUC":[161],"separation":[162],"concentrated":[164],"aborts.":[165],"At":[166],"matched":[167],"targets,":[169],"microbenchmarks":[170],"indicate":[171],"lower":[172],"cryogenic":[175],"power":[176],"than":[177],"static":[178],"padding,":[179],"while":[180],"end-to-end":[181],"maintain":[183],"competitive":[184],"cost":[185],"envelopes.11This":[186],"publication":[187],"has":[188],"emanated":[189],"from":[190],"research":[191],"conducted":[192],"the":[194,209],"financial":[195],"of":[197],"Taighde":[198],"\u00c9ireann":[199],"-":[200],"Research":[201,210],"Ireland":[202,211],"Grant":[204],"number":[205],"13/RC/2077_P2":[206],"CONNECT:":[208],"Centre":[212],"Future":[214],"Networks.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-03-18T00:00:00"}
