{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048688571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162897","title":"An Always-on 4\u00d7 Compressive VGA CMOS Imager with 51pJ/Pixel and &gt;32dB PSNR","display_name":"An Always-on 4\u00d7 Compressive VGA CMOS Imager with 51pJ/Pixel and &gt;32dB PSNR","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048688571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162897","mag":"3048688571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009698735","display_name":"Wenda Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1834-646X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenda Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017035784","display_name":"Chanmin Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8634-4442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chanmin Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065407625","display_name":"Injun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6507-6071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Injun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070329670","display_name":"Nan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5536-8385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088759343","display_name":"Youngcheol Chae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-169X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngcheol Chae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009698735"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60575421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-graphics-array","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","score":0.9061533212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.7770076990127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6156275272369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6011662483215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5709292888641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.5696892142295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.48425814509391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4785531163215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.47152695059776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.42021501064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.4170509874820709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.41119492053985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39584189653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3533826768398285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34497660398483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2711382508277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21289432048797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1942501664161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18496784567832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.1543383002281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13184863328933716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139983466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17194","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","level":3,"score":0.9061533212661743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.7770076990127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6156275272369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6011662483215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5709292888641357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.5696892142295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.48425814509391785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4785531163215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.47152695059776306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.42021501064300537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.4170509874820709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.41119492053985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39584189653396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3533826768398285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34497660398483276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2711382508277893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21289432048797607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1942501664161682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18496784567832947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.1543383002281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13184863328933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162897","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162897","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049819383","https://openalex.org/W2145096794","https://openalex.org/W2794398455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360664843","https://openalex.org/W2364087260","https://openalex.org/W2390465755","https://openalex.org/W2094322362","https://openalex.org/W2081509258","https://openalex.org/W2463325573","https://openalex.org/W2345301606","https://openalex.org/W2526894178","https://openalex.org/W2355807173","https://openalex.org/W2106574814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,27],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,38,45,119],"4\u00d7":[4],"compressive":[5],"CMOS":[6],"imager":[7,90,104],"for":[8],"always-on":[9],"operation":[10],"that":[11],"achieves":[12],"an":[13,31,59],"energy":[14,86,113],"efficiency":[15,87],"of":[16,23,88],"51pJ/pixel,":[17],"while":[18],"maintaining":[19],"high":[20],"image":[21],"quality":[22],"PSNR>32dB":[24],"and":[25,82],"SSIM>0.84.":[26],"is":[28,69,91],"enabled":[29],"by":[30,94],"energy-efficient":[32,60],"compressive-sensing":[33],"(CS)":[34],"encoder,":[35],"which":[36],"replaces":[37],"densely":[39],"populated":[40],"CS":[41,53,128],"encoding":[42],"method":[43],"with":[44,58],"highly":[46],"sparse":[47],"pseudo-diagonal":[48],"one.":[49],"Since":[50],"the":[51,89,123],"proposed":[52],"encoder":[54],"can":[55],"be":[56],"implemented":[57],"switched-capacitor":[61],"matrix":[62],"multiplier":[63],"at":[64,108],"pixel":[65,73,115],"outputs,":[66],"data":[67,80],"compression":[68],"achieved":[70],"prior":[71],"to":[72,118],"digitization,":[74],"thereby":[75],"greatly":[76],"reducing":[77],"ADC":[78],"power,":[79],"size,":[81],"I/O":[83],"power.":[84],"The":[85,111],"further":[92],"improved":[93],"incorporating":[95],"it":[96],"into":[97],"dynamic":[98],"single-slope":[99],"ADCs.":[100],"A":[101],"prototype":[102],"VGA":[103],"consumes":[105],"only":[106],"0.7mW":[107],"45":[109],"fps.":[110],"corresponding":[112],"per":[114],"(51pJ/pixel)":[116],"amounts":[117],"20\u00d7":[120],"improvement":[121],"over":[122],"previous":[124],"low-energy":[125],"benchmark":[126],"on":[127],"imagers.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
