{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3048918780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162826","title":"32 GHz 6.5 mW Gate-Level-Pipelined 4-Bit Processor using Superconductor Single-Flux-Quantum Logic","display_name":"32 GHz 6.5 mW Gate-Level-Pipelined 4-Bit Processor using Superconductor Single-Flux-Quantum Logic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3048918780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162826","mag":"3048918780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001304525","display_name":"Koki Ishida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6908-2209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koki Ishida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019744439","display_name":"Masamitsu Tanaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8577-3819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masamitsu Tanaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035924396","display_name":"Ikki Nagaoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7014-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikki Nagaoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067694674","display_name":"Takatsugu Ono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-0249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takatsugu Ono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083671933","display_name":"Satoshi Kawakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5044-744X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Kawakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056390001","display_name":"Teruo Tanimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9068-0972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teruo Tanimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018410709","display_name":"Akira Fujimaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-9714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Fujimaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087002387","display_name":"Koji Inoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-0646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135598925","display_name":"Kyushu University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p4k0j84","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koji Inoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135598925"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-quantum","display_name":"Magnetic flux quantum","score":0.6478208303451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6080721020698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.5839489102363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5526118278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.4977245628833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.49672752618789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/32-bit","display_name":"32-bit","score":0.45233842730522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.426848828792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.4156531095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-synthesis","display_name":"Logic synthesis","score":0.4126785397529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3778795897960663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.34510505199432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3412158489227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3334754705429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3281079828739166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2619836926460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superconductivity","display_name":"Superconductivity","score":0.25243568420410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16955959796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.103974848985672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.07948517799377441}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39197057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265632","display_name":"Magnetic flux quantum","level":4,"score":0.6478208303451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6080721020698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.5839489102363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5526118278503418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.4977245628833771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.49672752618789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75695347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225147","display_name":"32-bit","level":2,"score":0.45233842730522156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.426848828792572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.4156531095504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4126785397529602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3778795897960663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.34510505199432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3412158489227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3334754705429077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3281079828739166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2619836926460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.25243568420410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16955959796905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.103974848985672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.07948517799377441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12038964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764228","display_name":"Josephson effect","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsicircuits18222.2020.9162826","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Circuits","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016657571","https://openalex.org/W2119587409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254551318","https://openalex.org/W975020229","https://openalex.org/W1902169700","https://openalex.org/W4241265697","https://openalex.org/W4211092986","https://openalex.org/W2011273053","https://openalex.org/W2295312786","https://openalex.org/W3079574035","https://openalex.org/W2502671172","https://openalex.org/W2472892553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"Single-Flux-Quantum":[1],"(SFQ)":[2],"4-bit":[3],"throughput-oriented":[4],"processor":[5],"has":[6],"successfully":[7],"been":[8],"demonstrated":[9],"at":[10],"up":[11],"to":[12],"32":[13],"GHz":[14],"with":[15],"the":[16,25,29],"measured":[17],"power":[18],"consumption":[19],"of":[20,28],"6.5":[21],"mW.":[22],"This":[23],"is":[24],"first":[26],"implementation":[27],"gate-level-pipelined":[30],"processor,":[31],"and":[32,42],"it":[33],"achieves":[34],"2.5":[35],"Tera-Operations":[36],"Per":[37],"Watt":[38],"(TOPS/W)":[39],"by":[40],"circuit":[41],"architectural":[43],"optimizations.":[44]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}