{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977014414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsic.2012.6243767","title":"A 280nW, 100kHz, 1-cycle start-up time, on-chip CMOS relaxation oscillator employing a feedforward period control scheme","display_name":"A 280nW, 100kHz, 1-cycle start-up time, on-chip CMOS relaxation oscillator employing a feedforward period control scheme","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977014414","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsic.2012.6243767","mag":"1977014414"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsic.2012.6243767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsic.2012.6243767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078943917","display_name":"Takashi Tokairin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75636454","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014775w70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176","https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Tokairin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111751660","display_name":"Koichi Nose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75636454","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014775w70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176","https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koichi Nose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000123568","display_name":"Koichi Takeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7545-4101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75636454","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014775w70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176","https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koichi Takeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111603459","display_name":"Koichiro Noguchi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75636454","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014775w70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176","https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koichiro Noguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103757510","display_name":"Tadashi Maeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-7002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75636454","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014775w70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176","https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadashi Maeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111830620","display_name":"Kazuyoshi Kawai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75636454","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014775w70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176","https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuyoshi Kawai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045168120","display_name":"Masayuki Mizuno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1924-9856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153176","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/058wb7691","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75636454","display_name":"Renesas Electronics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/014775w70","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176","https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masayuki Mizuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153176"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Renesas Electronics Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75636454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9957,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.972332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"16","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation-oscillator","display_name":"Relaxation oscillator","score":0.7972286343574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.781119704246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.6983487606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.48724737763404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.47790297865867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4254830777645111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4077405333518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.37585344910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2450123429298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.14838165044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.13511735200881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.0735761821269989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135854075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1421688","display_name":"Relaxation oscillator","level":4,"score":0.7972286343574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.781119704246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.6983487606048584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.48724737763404846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47790297865867615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4254830777645111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4077405333518982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.37585344910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2450123429298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.14838165044784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.13511735200881958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0735761821269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsic.2012.6243767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsic.2012.6243767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 Symposium on VLSI Circuits (VLSIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480210993","https://openalex.org/W1977705237","https://openalex.org/W2068076936","https://openalex.org/W2109284876","https://openalex.org/W2128401319","https://openalex.org/W2133724338","https://openalex.org/W6628680203"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2286391053","https://openalex.org/W2982600058","https://openalex.org/W1963486701","https://openalex.org/W2312483540","https://openalex.org/W4249477090","https://openalex.org/W191745111","https://openalex.org/W1522083559","https://openalex.org/W2007570603","https://openalex.org/W2773679836","https://openalex.org/W3024746219"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"sub-\u03bcW,":[1],"1-cycle":[2],"start-up":[3],"CMOS":[4,28],"relaxation":[5],"oscillator":[6,23],"has":[7],"been":[8],"developed":[9],"with":[10,37],"a":[11,17],"feedforward":[12],"period":[13],"control":[14],"scheme":[15],"and":[16,29,39],"digitally-controlled":[18],"boost":[19],"charging":[20],"technique.":[21],"The":[22],"is":[24],"implemented":[25],"in":[26],"90nm":[27],"we":[30],"sucessfuly":[31],"have":[32],"demonstrated":[33],"100kHz":[34],"clock":[35],"generation":[36],"\u00b11%-accuracy":[38],"an":[40],"extremely":[41],"low":[42],"power":[43],"consumption":[44],"of":[45],"280nW.":[46]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
