{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3216882953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc53125.2021.9606997","title":"Metamorphic Testing for Processor Verification: A RISC-V Case Study at the Instruction Level","display_name":"Metamorphic Testing for Processor Verification: A RISC-V Case Study at the Instruction Level","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3216882953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc53125.2021.9606997","mag":"3216882953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsi-soc53125.2021.9606997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc53125.2021.9606997","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IFIP/IEEE 29th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032868332","display_name":"Frank Riese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Riese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012137527","display_name":"Vladimir Herdt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-057X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Herdt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112634980","display_name":"Daniel Grose","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["AT","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Grose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","Institute for Complex Systems, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Complex Systems, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071742136","display_name":"Rolf Drechsler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9872-1740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180437899","display_name":"University of Bremen","ror":"https://ror.org/04ers2y35","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rolf Drechsler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber-Physical Systems, DFKI GmbH, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180437899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6432,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65217391,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8191494345664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduced-instruction-set-computing","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","score":0.7312911748886108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instruction-set","display_name":"Instruction set","score":0.6027630567550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5801815390586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5720720291137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.44401025772094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4361550509929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3460600972175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3392578959465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.30476683378219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.23969590663909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08837020397186279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8191494345664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126298526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189376","display_name":"Reduced instruction set computing","level":3,"score":0.7312911748886108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202491316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272683","display_name":"Instruction set","level":2,"score":0.6027630567550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5801815390586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5720720291137695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.44401025772094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4361550509929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3460600972175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3392578959465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.30476683378219604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.23969590663909912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08837020397186279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsi-soc53125.2021.9606997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc53125.2021.9606997","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IFIP/IEEE 29th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311687","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/03m01yf64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2135841285","https://openalex.org/W2162036145","https://openalex.org/W2293505944","https://openalex.org/W2324595780","https://openalex.org/W2809368559","https://openalex.org/W2905304474","https://openalex.org/W2917321477","https://openalex.org/W2945056715","https://openalex.org/W2997653900","https://openalex.org/W3128942930"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2538644970","https://openalex.org/W2128502296","https://openalex.org/W4376881175","https://openalex.org/W4310584696","https://openalex.org/W4237840813","https://openalex.org/W4385730960","https://openalex.org/W2496196108","https://openalex.org/W2993622674","https://openalex.org/W1833044483","https://openalex.org/W4382053335"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Metamorphic":[0,33],"Testing":[1],"(MT)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"shown":[5],"to":[6,24,36,46,90,101,161,173],"be":[7],"a":[8,21,78,108,186],"very":[9],"effective":[10],"technique":[11,188],"in":[12],"the":[13,38,47,57,60,91,102,113,137,147,153,168,171,190],"Software":[14],"(SW)":[15],"domain.":[16],"MT":[17,83,100,133,183],"does":[18],"not":[19],"require":[20],"reference":[22],"model":[23],"compare":[25],"against":[26],"for":[27,81,123,189],"testing":[28],"but":[29],"instead":[30],"relies":[31],"on":[32],"Relations":[34],"(MR)":[35],"derive":[37],"expected":[39],"result":[40],"from":[41],"relationships":[42],"between":[43],"several":[44],"calls":[45],"function":[48],"under":[49],"test.":[50],"An":[51],"example":[52],"of":[53,62,66,71,87,104,149,155,170,192],"an":[54,63,130,140],"MR":[55],"is":[56,85,184],"expectation":[58],"that":[59,135,182],"sum":[61],"arbitrary":[64],"list":[65],"integers":[67],"remain":[68],"unchanged":[69],"regardless":[70],"it":[72],"being":[73],"sorted":[74],"or":[75],"reversed.":[76],"Thus,":[77],"key":[79],"requirement":[80],"applying":[82],"effectively":[84],"availability":[86],"MRs":[88,121,138,151,172],"specific":[89],"domain":[92,103,191],"at":[93],"hand.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"we":[98,111,128],"propose":[99,129],"processor":[105,193],"verification.":[106,194],"As":[107],"case":[109],"study,":[110],"consider":[112],"RISC-V":[114,124],"Instruction":[115,141],"Set":[116,142],"Architecture":[117],"(ISA)":[118],"and":[119],"provide":[120],"tailored":[122],"For":[125],"evaluation":[126],"purposes,":[127],"efficient":[131],"on-the-fly":[132],"framework":[134],"integrates":[136],"with":[139],"Simulator":[143],"(ISS).":[144],"We":[145],"measure":[146],"quality":[148],"those":[150],"by":[152],"number":[154],"mutations":[156],"they":[157],"kill,":[158],"also":[159,185],"referred":[160],"as":[162],"mutation":[163],"analysis.":[164],"Our":[165],"experiments":[166],"demonstrate":[167],"effectiveness":[169],"kill":[174],"all":[175],"mutations,":[176],"which":[177],"confirms":[178],"our":[179],"research":[180],"question":[181],"suitable":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}