{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3132690881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc46417.2020.9344070","title":"Multi-label HD Classification in 3D Flash","display_name":"Multi-label HD Classification in 3D Flash","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3132690881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc46417.2020.9344070","mag":"3132690881"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsi-soc46417.2020.9344070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc46417.2020.9344070","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IFIP/IEEE 28th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037764180","display_name":"Justin Morris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-2561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Justin Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093","San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072916650","display_name":"Yilun Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-4056"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilun Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079372283","display_name":"Saransh Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5814-3934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saransh Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056447089","display_name":"R. Ramkumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ranganathan Ramkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075642293","display_name":"Jeffrey Xu Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9738-827X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033221192","display_name":"Mohsen Imani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5761-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Imani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California Irvine,Irvine,CA,USA,92697"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California Irvine,Irvine,CA,USA,92697","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029850946","display_name":"Bar\u0131\u015f Ak\u015fanl\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26538001","display_name":"San Diego State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0264fdx42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baris Aksanli","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Diego State University,San Diego,CA,USA,92182"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Diego State University,San Diego,CA,USA,92182","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025573294","display_name":"Tajana Rosing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-997X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tajana Rosing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California San Diego,La Jolla,CA,USA,92093","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037764180"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26538001","https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2055,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53717867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"10","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9559000134468079,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-label-classification","display_name":"Multi-label classification","score":0.7812111973762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.730512797832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6123164296150208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5799299478530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.540355920791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.46961814165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.4596836566925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.456932008266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4228423237800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-classification","display_name":"Binary classification","score":0.42120814323425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.3667213022708893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10832566022872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09989559650421143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776482837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3553958","display_name":"Multi-label classification","level":2,"score":0.7812111973762512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.730512797832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6123164296150208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5799299478530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.540355920791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.46961814165115356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4596836566925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.456932008266449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4228423237800598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.42120814323425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3667213022708893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10832566022872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09989559650421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsi-soc46417.2020.9344070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc46417.2020.9344070","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IFIP/IEEE 28th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3577984321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1527034,1730158,1826967,1911095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1129461654","https://openalex.org/W1756265184","https://openalex.org/W2070862086","https://openalex.org/W2111619626","https://openalex.org/W2118712128","https://openalex.org/W2137107481","https://openalex.org/W2146241755","https://openalex.org/W2156935079","https://openalex.org/W2293066912","https://openalex.org/W2476008461","https://openalex.org/W2517657787","https://openalex.org/W2547860654","https://openalex.org/W2554538030","https://openalex.org/W2613567208","https://openalex.org/W2766040387","https://openalex.org/W2771100829","https://openalex.org/W2797218224","https://openalex.org/W2897044384","https://openalex.org/W2946432794","https://openalex.org/W2946584982","https://openalex.org/W2953810144","https://openalex.org/W2963492949","https://openalex.org/W2969792713","https://openalex.org/W2979937837","https://openalex.org/W3008214279","https://openalex.org/W3112282291","https://openalex.org/W6627360898","https://openalex.org/W6637928144","https://openalex.org/W6677758222","https://openalex.org/W6680483772","https://openalex.org/W6755150923","https://openalex.org/W6762550061","https://openalex.org/W6765245478"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2964297678","https://openalex.org/W2510206144","https://openalex.org/W1991020953","https://openalex.org/W4376528628","https://openalex.org/W4386365835","https://openalex.org/W2735080633","https://openalex.org/W2739554176","https://openalex.org/W2900338305","https://openalex.org/W4205999209","https://openalex.org/W4293079970"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"classification":[1,32,71,88,116],"problems":[2],"in":[3,28],"practice":[4],"map":[5],"each":[6,78,91],"sample":[7],"to":[8,46,57],"more":[9],"than":[10,130],"one":[11],"label":[12,79],"-":[13],"this":[14,21],"is":[15,41,134],"known":[16],"as":[17,118],"multi-label":[18,31,48,67,121],"classification.":[19,49],"In":[20],"work,":[22],"we":[23],"present":[24],"Multi-label":[25,39,58,146],"HD,":[26,64,84,132],"an":[27],"3D":[29],"storage":[30],"system":[33,45],"that":[34,97],"uses":[35],"Hyperdimensional":[36],"Computing":[37],"(HD).":[38],"HD":[40,44,56,99,125,147],"the":[42,66,142,153],"first":[43],"support":[47],"We":[50],"propose":[51],"two":[52],"different":[53],"mappings":[54],"of":[55,145],"HD.":[59],"The":[60,81],"first,":[61],"Power":[62,123],"Set":[63,124],"transforms":[65],"problem":[68],"into":[69],"single-label":[70],"by":[72,149,155],"creating":[73],"a":[74,86,160],"new":[75],"class":[76],"for":[77,90],"combination.":[80],"second,":[82],"Multi-Model":[83,98,131],"creates":[85],"binary":[87],"model":[89],"possible":[92],"label.":[93],"Our":[94,137],"evaluation":[95],"shows":[96],"achieves,":[100],"on":[101,159],"average,":[102],"<tex>$47.8\\times$</tex>":[103],"higher":[104,115,128],"energy":[105,143],"efficiency":[106,144],"and":[107,151],"<tex>$47.1\\times$</tex>":[108],"faster":[109],"execution":[110],"time":[111],"while":[112],"achieving":[113],"5&#x0025;":[114],"accuracy":[117,129],"state-of-the-art":[119],"light-weight":[120],"classifiers.":[122],"achieves":[126],"13&#x0025;":[127],"but":[133],"<tex>$2\\times$</tex>":[135],"slower.":[136],"3D-flash":[138],"acceleration":[139],"further":[140],"improves":[141],"training":[148,158],"<tex>$228\\times$</tex>":[150],"reduces":[152],"latency":[154],"<tex>$610\\times$</tex>":[156],"vs":[157],"CPU.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
