{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229439741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-dat54769.2022.9768058","title":"An 1-bit by 1-bit High Parallelism In-RRAM Macro with Co-Training Mechanism for DCNN Applications","display_name":"An 1-bit by 1-bit High Parallelism In-RRAM Macro with Co-Training Mechanism for DCNN Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229439741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-dat54769.2022.9768058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsi-dat54769.2022.9768058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-dat54769.2022.9768058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test (VLSI-DAT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111528251","display_name":"Chi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082464329","display_name":"Shao- Tzu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao- Tzu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080635815","display_name":"Tong-Lin Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong-Lin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082717816","display_name":"Cheng-En Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-En Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037598141","display_name":"Yun Sung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112844899","display_name":"Chia-Lin Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Lin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102162079","display_name":"Kang-Yu Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang-Yu Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024381546","display_name":"Tuo\u2010Hung Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9686-7076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuo-Hung Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067793643","display_name":"Tian\u2010Sheuan Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-8745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Sheuan Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061859062","display_name":"Shyh\u2010Jye Jou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8821-3486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyh-Jye Jou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University,Hsinchu,Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Inst. of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111528251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2744,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51375523,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8160871267318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.6980798244476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.6915762424468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.6576816439628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6515144109725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5451357960700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.513533353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.4866245687007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.427834153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.411738783121109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27622583508491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2465340793132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.07694658637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.05779451131820679}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8160871267318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6980798244476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.6915762424468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.6576816439628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6515144109725952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5451357960700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.513533353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.4866245687007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.427834153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.411738783121109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27622583508491516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2465340793132782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.07694658637046814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.05779451131820679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlsi-dat54769.2022.9768058","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-dat54769.2022.9768058","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test (VLSI-DAT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5307878277","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"110-2622-8-009-018-SB,109-2224-E-009-005-,110-2224-E-A49-004-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2794194363","https://openalex.org/W2809254203","https://openalex.org/W2898994846","https://openalex.org/W2921329602","https://openalex.org/W3135839634","https://openalex.org/W3162701630","https://openalex.org/W6791427274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061","https://openalex.org/W2952918855","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W4396815615","https://openalex.org/W3161624601","https://openalex.org/W2078381924","https://openalex.org/W4206468571"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"methodology":[1],"for":[2,23],"Artificial":[3],"Intelligence":[4],"(AI)":[5],"edge":[6],"Deep":[7],"Convolutional":[8],"Neural":[9],"Network":[10],"(DCNN)":[11],"hardware":[12],"design":[13],"to":[14,52,70],"increase":[15,29],"computation":[16,31],"parallelism":[17,38],"and":[18,59,67],"decrease":[19],"latency":[20],"is":[21,43,51],"needed":[22],"a":[24,33,61],"real":[25],"time":[26],"application.":[27],"To":[28],"the":[30,54,57,73],"parallelism,":[32],"1-bit":[34,36],"by":[35],"high":[37],"in-RRAM":[39],"computing":[40],"(IRC)":[41],"macro":[42,50],"proposed.":[44],"The":[45],"goal":[46],"of":[47,56,76],"this":[48],"testing":[49],"test":[53],"characteristic":[55],"RRAM":[58,68],"propose":[60],"co-training":[62],"mechanism":[63],"between":[64],"DCNN":[65],"algorithm":[66],"module":[69],"deal":[71],"with":[72],"non-linearity":[74],"issues":[75],"IRC.":[77]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
