{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898508872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlhcc.2018.8506580","title":"Searching Over Search Trees for Human-AI Collaboration in Exploratory Problem Solving: A Case Study in Algebra","display_name":"Searching Over Search Trees for Human-AI Collaboration in Exploratory Problem Solving: A Case Study in Algebra","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898508872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlhcc.2018.8506580","mag":"2898508872"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlhcc.2018.8506580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlhcc.2018.8506580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103823754","display_name":"Benjamin T. Jones","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin T. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul G. Allen School of Computer Sci. and Engr., University of Washington Seattle, Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Sci. and Engr., University of Washington Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105354420","display_name":"Steven L. Tanimoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven L. Tanimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul G. Allen School of Computer Sci. and Engr., University of Washington Seattle, Washington"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul G. Allen School of Computer Sci. and Engr., University of Washington Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103823754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1629,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59742032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"33","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7116121649742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5216156244277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4918379783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbolic-computation","display_name":"Symbolic computation","score":0.4642565846443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-research","display_name":"Exploratory research","score":0.45578378438949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4482347369194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3566949963569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32720690965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1520761251449585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7116121649742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5216156244277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4918379783630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110812573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175515","display_name":"Symbolic computation","level":2,"score":0.4642565846443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85973986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091731","display_name":"Exploratory research","level":2,"score":0.45578378438949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4482347369194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3566949963569641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32720690965652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1520761251449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vlhcc.2018.8506580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vlhcc.2018.8506580","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1620710625","https://openalex.org/W1803313240","https://openalex.org/W1973227779","https://openalex.org/W2011426779","https://openalex.org/W2018429469","https://openalex.org/W2065005579","https://openalex.org/W2122641167","https://openalex.org/W2146256275","https://openalex.org/W2158217109","https://openalex.org/W2160645305","https://openalex.org/W2795442664","https://openalex.org/W6666901748"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255888212","https://openalex.org/W2292507975","https://openalex.org/W2020591703","https://openalex.org/W171076485","https://openalex.org/W2142962785","https://openalex.org/W3142386442","https://openalex.org/W2069457139","https://openalex.org/W1987835084","https://openalex.org/W4226134703","https://openalex.org/W2331203929"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"and":[2,79,84,109,127,136],"machine":[3],"learning":[4],"work":[5],"very":[6],"well":[7],"for":[8,49],"solving":[9,63,98],"problems":[10],"in":[11,22,95,133],"domains":[12],"where":[13],"the":[14,58,68,71,91,124],"optimal":[15,43],"solution":[16],"can":[17],"be":[18],"characterized":[19],"precisely":[20],"or":[21],"terms":[23],"of":[24,57,60,70,93,117,129],"adequate":[25],"training":[26],"data.":[27],"However,":[28],"when":[29],"humans":[30,54,81],"perform":[31],"problem":[32,62,97,107],"solving,":[33,108],"they":[34],"do":[35],"not":[36],"necessarily":[37],"know":[38],"how":[39],"to":[40,67,82,105],"characterize":[41],"an":[42,75],"solution.":[44],"We":[45,100],"propose":[46],"a":[47,61,114],"framework":[48,103],"human-AI":[50],"collaboration":[51],"that":[52,111],"gives":[53],"ultimate":[55],"control":[56],"results":[59],"task":[64],"while":[65],"playing":[66],"strengths":[69],"AI":[72,94],"by":[73],"persisting":[74],"agent's":[76],"search":[77,85,87],"trees":[78],"allowing":[80],"explore":[83],"this":[86,102],"tree.":[88],"This":[89],"allows":[90],"use":[92],"exploratory":[96],"contexts.":[99],"demonstrate":[101],"applied":[104],"algebraic":[106],"show":[110],"it":[112],"enables":[113],"unique":[115],"mode":[116],"interaction":[118],"with":[119],"symbolic":[120],"computer":[121],"algebra":[122],"through":[123],"automatic":[125],"completion":[126],"correction":[128],"traditional":[130],"derivations,":[131],"both":[132],"digital":[134],"ink":[135],"textual":[137],"keyboard":[138],"input.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}