{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210846516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc51201.2021.9576333","title":"Empirical Assessment of Program Comprehension Styles in Programming Language Paradigms","display_name":"Empirical Assessment of Program Comprehension Styles in Programming Language Paradigms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210846516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc51201.2021.9576333","mag":"3210846516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/vl/hcc51201.2021.9576333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc51201.2021.9576333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055196774","display_name":"Niloofar Mansoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5481-7014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Niloofar Mansoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Lincoln,Nebraska,USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln,Department of Computer Science and Engineering,Lincoln,Nebraska,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055196774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24826144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7991414070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-comprehension","display_name":"Program comprehension","score":0.7482306957244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.6068034172058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.6001299619674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4252975285053253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.4172981381416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38802772760391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3729081153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.305134117603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.2642916142940521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7991414070129395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777561058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2652119","display_name":"Program comprehension","level":4,"score":0.7482306957244873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.6068034172058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.6001299619674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4252975285053253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4172981381416321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38802772760391235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3729081153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.305134117603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.2642916142940521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/vl/hcc51201.2021.9576333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/vl/hcc51201.2021.9576333","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing (VL/HCC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807534653","https://openalex.org/W2854312182","https://openalex.org/W2907904533","https://openalex.org/W2922214032","https://openalex.org/W3047109247"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313549863","https://openalex.org/W2072205733","https://openalex.org/W2052246872","https://openalex.org/W2395465245","https://openalex.org/W2096877983","https://openalex.org/W4286331421","https://openalex.org/W2186150085","https://openalex.org/W3033357505","https://openalex.org/W2038612180","https://openalex.org/W3007858801"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Developers":[0],"work":[1,130],"with":[2,56,186],"different":[3,41,74,121,199,260],"programming":[4,29,44,77,278],"languages":[5,30,45],"and":[6,24,26,39,69,88,94,126,152,167,172,179,201,231,250],"tools":[7],"throughout":[8],"their":[9],"careers.":[10],"It":[11],"is":[12,193],"a":[13,132,162,180,195],"critical":[14],"skill":[15,118],"to":[16,19,54,83,91,236,255,287],"be":[17,285],"able":[18],"build":[20],"on":[21,111,131,175,203,214,293],"existing":[22],"skills":[23],"knowledge":[25],"learn":[27,38,68],"new":[28,148],"as":[31,139,222,270],"needed.":[32],"This":[33,225],"makes":[34],"exploring":[35],"how":[36,60],"developers":[37,98,115,219,234,252],"comprehend":[40],"types":[42],"of":[43,76,114,116,135,143,164,182,189,259,262,276],"an":[46],"interesting":[47],"problem.":[48],"The":[49,155,205],"research":[50,58,80,102],"question":[51],"I":[52,104,239,245],"plan":[53],"address":[55],"my":[57],"is:":[59],"do":[61,105],"developers'":[62],"mental":[63,232],"model":[64],"change":[65],"when":[66],"they":[67,129,223],"understand":[70,92,256],"code":[71,150,153],"written":[72],"in":[73,97,217,253],"families":[75],"languages?":[78],"My":[79],"goals":[81],"are":[82,159,173],"leverage":[84],"empirical":[85,109,157],"software":[86,136],"engineering":[87],"cognitive":[89,184,280],"sciences":[90],"learning":[93],"program":[95,177],"comprehension":[96,112,178],"for":[99,243],"answering":[100],"this":[101,106],"question.":[103],"by":[107],"conducting":[108],"studies":[110,158,242],"patterns":[113],"varying":[117],"levels":[119,261],"using":[120,161],"language":[122],"paradigms":[123],"(imperative,":[124],"declarative,":[125],"functional)":[127],"while":[128],"varied":[133],"set":[134,181],"tasks":[137,185,200],"such":[138,269],"bug":[140],"fixes,":[141],"verification":[142],"static":[144],"analysis":[145],"alarms,":[146],"adding":[147],"features,":[149],"refactoring,":[151],"summarization.":[154],"proposed":[156],"designed":[160],"combination":[163],"online":[165],"questionnaires":[166],"biometric":[168,208],"equipment":[169],"(eye":[170],"trackers)":[171],"performed":[174],"both":[176,248],"established":[183],"the":[187,228,257,290],"aim":[188],"determining":[190],"whether":[191],"there":[192],"indeed":[194],"relationship":[196],"between":[197],"these":[198],"domains":[202],"performance.":[204],"eye":[206],"tracking":[207],"measures":[209],"provide":[210],"fine":[211],"grained":[212],"details":[213],"what":[215],"tokens/words":[216],"code/text":[218],"look":[220],"at":[221],"work.":[224],"better":[226],"explains":[227],"thought":[229],"process":[230],"models":[233],"use":[235],"solve":[237],"tasks.":[238,294],"propose":[240],"multiple":[241],"which":[244],"will":[246,284],"recruit":[247],"students":[249],"professional":[251],"order":[254],"strategies":[258],"expertise.":[263],"In":[264],"addition,":[265],"various":[266],"other":[267],"factors":[268],"native":[271],"language,":[272],"reading":[273],"speed,":[274],"years":[275],"experience,":[277],"expertise,":[279],"scores":[281],"(among":[282],"others)":[283],"used":[286],"further":[288],"describe":[289],"data":[291],"collected":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}